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BISC326 > Lecture > Flashcards

Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

What are fungi?

A

filamentous, eukaryotic, micro/macroscopic, produce hyphae that form a mycelial network,

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2
Q

conidia

A

asexual spores

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3
Q

Where can you find fungi?

A

soil, plant materials, air, water

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4
Q

Phyla of fungi

A

basidiomycota, ascomycota

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5
Q

Fungi growth conditions

A

0-40C, appropriate nutrients and vitamins, oxygen, pH of 3-8, light, carbon source, nitrogen source, abundant moisture

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6
Q

What are fungal cell walls made up of?

A

chitin

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7
Q

saprophytic

A

grow on dead/dying plant materials or other substrates

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8
Q

Enzymes to attack plants

A

cellulase, pectinase, linginase, hemi-cellulase

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9
Q

Enzymes to break down proteins

A

proteases

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10
Q

Enzymes to destroy insects

A

chitinase

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11
Q

Enzymes to infect humans

A

keratinase, protease, lipase, phospholipase

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12
Q

Phytopathogens

A

infection of plants

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13
Q

entomopathogens

A

infection of insects

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14
Q

aquatic pathogens

A

infection of frogs, fish

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15
Q

mycoparasites

A

infection of other fungi

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16
Q

opportunistic pathogens

A

infection of humans

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17
Q

mycelium

A

vegetative mass of hyphae

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18
Q

rhizomorphs

A

root-like structure composed of hyphae

19
Q

chlamydospores

A

thick-walled, pigmented, somwhat resistant spores

20
Q

oospores

A

thick-walled, sexual, resistant spore

21
Q

sclerotia

A

compact mass of hardened mycelium that can survive environmental extremes

22
Q

anamorph

A

asexual cycle

23
Q

teleomorph

A

sexual cycle

24
Q

the good

A

nutrient cycling, break down carcasses, food, secretory products, fermentation and foodmaking, enzymes for industrial use, decontamination of soils, attack insects, attack fungi

25
Q

the bad

A

infect and kill plants, destruction of wood and paper, cause allergies, mycotoxins, skin infections, infect animals, infect humans

26
Q

necrotrophic fungi

A

secrete toxins that kill plant species

27
Q

Fungus that caused the potato famine

A

phytophthora infestans (late blight)

28
Q

Fungus that caused St. Anthony’s Fire

A

claviceps purpurea (ergot on rye)

29
Q

biotrophic fungi

A

infect plants by producing a penetration plug and then a haustorium to absorb nutrients

30
Q

fungi that cause allergies

A

cladosporium, alternaira, aspergillus, stachybotrys

31
Q

fungi that produce secondary metabolites

A

fusarium, penicillium, aspergillus, stachybotrys, alternaria

32
Q

chemical groups of mycotoxins

A

cyclopeptides, alkaloids, coumarins

33
Q

mycotoxin produced by aspergillus

A

aflatoxins

34
Q

mycotoxin produced by fusarium and stachybotrys

A

trichothecenes

35
Q

mycotoxins produced by penicillium and aspergillus

A

ochratoxins

36
Q

mushrooms

A

conspicuous, fleshy, fruiting sexual structure produced by fungi of ascomycota and basidiomycota

37
Q

white rot

A

soft spongy rot produced by the breakdown of lignin by basidiomycota

38
Q

brown rot

A

brittle and crunchy rot produced by the breakdown of cellulose

39
Q

secondary metabolites

A

compounds derived from primary metabolism that do not contribute directly to growth

40
Q

secondary metabolites make up what groups?

A

hallucinogens, flavours, medicinals, poisons

41
Q

how to cultivate mushrooms?

A

grow pure cultures as grain spawn, inoculate bulk substrates, initate fruiting

42
Q

mycotoxins

A

secondary metabolites produced after the fungus has reached maximum growth

43
Q

What are some biotrophic fungi

A

pythium, fusarium, rhizoctonia

44
Q

hyphae

A

filamentous structure of fungi, mode of vegetative growth, collectively called mycelium

BISC326 (4 decks)

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