Lecture 10.1: Acute Kidney Injury Flashcards
1
Q
What is AKI long-form?
A
Acute Kidney Injury
2
Q
What are the Categories of AKIs? (3)
A
- Pre-Renal
- Renal
- Post-Renal
3
Q
What happens to Urea & Creatinine in AKI?
A
Increases
4
Q
When do AKIs occur (generally)?
A
- Usually a complication of serious illness
5
Q
What is the definition of an AKI? (at least one of 3 criteria)
A
- Increase in Serum Creatinine by 26.5 μmol/l within 48
hours - Increase in Serum Creatinine to ≥ 1.5x baseline, known
/presumed to have occurred within the prior 7 days - Urine volume < 0.5 ml/kg/h for 6 hours (oliguria less
than 400ml per day)
6
Q
Risk Factors for AKI
A
- Polypharmacy
- Elderly
- Multiple Co-Morbidities
- Diabetes
- Heart Failure
- Liver Cirrhosis
- Dehydration
- Infection/Sepsis
- CKD
- Renal Stones
- BPH
7
Q
Classification of AKI (KDIGOL): Stage 1
A
- Serum Creatinine: 1.5–1.9 times baseline
OR ≥0.3 mg/dl ( ≥26.5 mmol/l) increase - Urine Output: <0.5 ml/kg/h for 6–12 hours
8
Q
Classification of AKI (KDIGOL): Stage 2
A
- Serum Creatinine: 2.0–2.9 times baseline
- Urine Output: <0.5 ml/kg/h for ≥12 hours
9
Q
Classification of AKI (KDIGOL): Stage 3
A
- Serum Creatinine: 3.0 times baseline OR
Increase in serum creatinine to ≥4.0 mg/dl
( ≥353.6 mmol/l) - Urine Output: <0.3 ml/kg/h for ≥24 hours
OR Anuria for ≥12 hours
10
Q
Rifle and Akin AKI Classification
A
11
Q
Causes of Pre-Renal AKI (6)
A
- CHF
- Liver Failure
- NSAIDs
- ARBs
- ACE Inhibitors
- Cyclosporine
12
Q
How do CHF and Liver Failure cause AKI? (3)
A
- Hypovolemia
- Decreased Cardiac Output
- Decreased Effective Circulating Volume
13
Q
How do NSAIDs, ARBs, ACE Inhibitors & Cyclosporine cause AKI? (1)
A
Impaired Renal Autoregulation
14
Q
Causes of Renal/Intrinsic AKI (6)
A
- Ischaemia
- Sepsis
- Nephrotoxins
- Vasculitis
- TTP/HUS (Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic
Purpura, Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome) - Malignant Hypertension
- Acute Glomerulonephritis
15
Q
How do Ischaemia, Sepsis & Nephrotoxins cause AKI? (1)
A
Tubular Damage
