Lecture 10 - Suicide (prevention) Flashcards
Nine myths about suicidal behaviour?
- Talking about it will increase the chance of offing yourself
- Most ppl commit suicide during Christmas
- Someone thinking of suicide wants to die
- The media influence the number of suicides (but like it kinda does so idk if this one is actually a myth)
- Antidepressants increase the risk of suicide
- Artists have an increased risk of suicide
- Suicide runs in the family
- Women mostly talk about suicide, men die more often
- Suicide rate rises during an economic recession
Terror management theory in the context of suicide?
- Awareness of morality (which can cause existential fear/terror)
- Cultural worldviews (embraced to provide meaning/order to life > offer a sence of symbolic immortality aka “being part of something greater than yourself”
- Self-esteem as a buffer (high esteem reduces fear of mortality + aligning with world view = personal value and significance)
Hume’s view of suicide?
Not inherently immoral and individuals have the right to control their own lives
Camus’ idea of how suicide arises?
From a confrontation with the absurd, aka a clash between:
- Human desire for meaning, purpose and clarity
- Universe’s silent indifference to these desires
Methodological challenges of prevalence estimate of suicide attempts? (7)
- Different survey instruments
- Different samples
- Different language
- Literacy
- Time-frame
- Stigma
- Fluctuations of suicidal behaviour over time
Of people with suicidal thoughts, how many had depression and vice versa, how many people with depression had suicidal thoughts?
Nemesis 2
58 and 26%, respectively
How many people with a history of a suicide attempt also had depression and vice versa, how many people with depression also made a suicide attempt?
nemesis 2
70 and 8.4%, respectively
When do suicide attempts generally take place (76.6%)?
Within one year after onset of suicidal thoughts
Cubic model of suicide (Schneidman)?
Press (stress) + pain (psychache) + perturbation (unease/intolarability) = suicide risk
Diathesis-stress-hopelesness model of suicide (Schotte and Clum)?
Cognitive vulnarabilities account for the association between stress and suicide risk
Clinical model of suicidal behaviour (Mann et al)?
Stress-diathesis model, where:
- Stressor (disorder) + diathesis = suicide risk
Suicide as escape from self (Baumeister)?
Main motivation for suicide is to escape from painful self-awareness
Suicide mode as cognitive behavioural model of suicidality (Rudd et al)?
Based on the ten principles of cognitive theory
- cognitive + affective + behavioural + physiological system characteristics = suicide risk
Arrested flight model (Williams)?
Suicide risk increased when feelings of defeat/entrapment are high and the potential for rescue is low
Schematic appraisal model of suicide (Johnson et al)
Interplay between biases in information processing, schema & appraisal systems = suicide risk
Cognitive model of suicide behaviour (Wenzel and Beck)?
Diathesis-stress model
- Dispositional vulnaribility factors + cognitive processes associated with psych disturbance + cognitive processes associated with suicidal acts
Differential activation theory of suicidality (Williams et al)?
Associative network model
- Experiences of suicidal ideation/behaviour during a depressive episode increases likelihood that it will re-emerge during subsequent episodes
