Lecture 10: Policy instruments for improving spatial quality in integrated flood risk management Flashcards
Why can the spatial turn also be associated with a ‘quest for spatial quality’?
More integrated and spatially embedded forms of FRM have been advocated. At the same time: different interests are competing for space. –> worries about the ‘quality of place’
What is the definition of spatial quality?
It has to clear cut definition. What it is and how it can be achieved is multi-interpretable. It describes the relation between space and the human user.
What are the different schools of thought about spatial quality?
objective
subjective
inter-subjective
Objective schools of thought?
There are elements of spatial quality which can be measured and where quality indicators have been defined. Examples:
- Rules regarding water quality and air quality
- percentage of green spaces in new=built areas, playgrounds
- welstand- spatial quality plans for new residential developments.
spatial quality - subjective school of thought.
Spatial quality lies in the ‘eye of the beholder’ and can be different between different people.
It depends on:
- situational context
- personal norms/values
- zeitgeist
- culture
Intersubjective school of thought
Acknowledgement that spatial quality has a subjective and objective dimension
spatial quality = defined and evaluated in interactive process by a group of individuals. –> collective meaning-making.
Explain the Vitruvius triplet
Utilitas - utility
- functionality
- functional cohesion
- economic vitality
Venustas - beauty
- identity
-cultural recognition
- spatial recognition
- attractiveness
firmitas - firmness/robustness
- Reversability
- development potential
- multifunctional use of space
- robustness and stability
How is the Vitruvius triplet integrated in Dutch planning and FRM?
- Utilitas –> user value
- Firmitas –> future value
- Venustas –> experiental value
+ ecological quality: degree to which landscape supports the existence of human/nonhuman life forms
Explain the Dutch flood protection programme
Primary defences (coast/river) –> meeting new standards in 2050
What are barriers for integrating spatial quality into flood risk management?
Urgency and flood risk challenge
* Lack of ownership for spatial quality
* Flood risk management traditionally sectorally organized,
whereas spatial quality asks for an integrated approach and strong regional collaboration > lack of expertise and networks
* Spatial quality less tangible and easy to measure than safety norms
* Spatial quality requires additional co-financing from partners because of strict labels on available budgets
Policy design definition.
the deliberate and conscious attempt to define goals and connect them to instruments or tools expected to realize those objectives.
Instrument-based typology of Carrots, sticks, sermons
Legal or regulatory policy instruments: restricting/allowing behavioral options
economic or market based: changing cost/benefit ratios of these options
communicative or informational instruments: informing about options
Explain the NATO framework
Nodality: refers to central position of the government with regard to the collection, use,
and distribution of
information
Authority: refers to the legal or official powers held by governments that can be used to regulate and
sanction actors
Treasure: refers to the use of money
Organization: refers to the resources in terms of staff (&their skills),
buildings, and technology that governments have at
their disposal
On which dimension of governance does the NATO framework have influence?
On the resources dimension
Examples of organization:
hiring consultatns, hiring spatial designers (boundary spanners), making internal project groups
