Lecture 10: pineapple and avocado

Question 1

pineapple and avocado

Answer 1

both new world fruits
domesticated in sophisticated manner by indigenous people
both are part of columbian exchange

Question 2

pineapple

Answer 2

ananas comous
-ananes tupi word for excellent fruit
grows in low lands and third most important tropical fruit after bananas and citrus

Question 3

1820s pineapple

Answer 3

grown around cayenne in French guiana
taken to europe and england in 1830’s
sent to colonies of england and english speaking world

Question 4

cultivar and production country

Answer 4

md-2

costa rica

Question 5

export and local

Answer 5

30% is exported in fresh, juice and bits

70 is consumed locally

Question 6

how to choose a ripe pineapple

Answer 6

yellow is better
bottom is soft to touch
bottom smell is ripe

Question 7

pineapple growing

Answer 7

takes 6-8 months
floral initiation = red hear stage
flowering - inflorescence and multiple flowers
aggregate fruit = fruit formation and fusion of fruit

Question 8

growth of plant is odd

Answer 8

shootapical meristem turns to floral meristem
meristem changes from floral to vegetative
cloned: vegetative propagation of crowned leaves and slips (lateral shoots)

Question 9

symbolism of pineapples

Answer 9

borrowed legacy of pinecones
symbol of fertility and prosperity
-takes place of pinecone in england
st pauls cathedral surmounted by pineapple
-colonial arhcitecture - williamsburg va
john murray built folly in scotland

Question 10

avocado

Answer 10

persea americana
tree kept short but can grow up to 15m
domesticated 9000 years before present
mayans and aztecs selected for taste

Question 11

3 types of avocado

Answer 11

mexican, gautemalen and west indian

first two are high lands, WI is lowlands of central america

Question 12

variety of taste

Answer 12

mexican and guat are nutty and oil rich
WI is sweeter and less oily
hass is most common here, mexican x guat and developed in cali

Question 13

avo nutritional content

Answer 13

rich in calcium and phosphate
matches/surpasses oliven oil
oleic, linoleic or plamitic acids
turns bitter when cooking

Question 14

avo disease

Answer 14

phytothora cinnamomi

oomycete - type of protist

Question 15

to avoid disease need resistant root stock

Answer 15

take stem of root stock
graft stem onto seedling raised from biggest seed
grow grafts in dark and they grow fast but become etiolated
transfer to pot - add cylinder of soil
graft buds of fruit stock (scion) onto root stock