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(J) Physiology Test 2 > Lecture 10 - Overview of Circulation > Flashcards

Lecture 10 - Overview of Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the systolic and diastolic pressure in arteries?

A

Systolic: 120mmHg

Diastolic: 80mmHg

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2
Q

What is the systemic capillary pressure?

A

10-35 mmHg

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3
Q

What is the pressure at the vena cava?

A

0 mmHg

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4
Q

What is the systolic and diastolic pressure in the pulmonary arteries?

A

Systolic: 25 mmHg

Diastolic: 8 mmHg

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5
Q

What is phasic pressure?

A
  • occurs in arteries

- variations in pressure that occurs due to systole and diastole

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6
Q

What is mean arterial pressure?

A

-time weighted average of the pressure in the arteries

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7
Q

What portion of the total blood is found in each part of the circulatory system?

A

Systemic circulation: 84%

  • veins: 64%
  • arteries: 13%
  • arterioles and capillaries: 7%

Heart/Lungs: 16%

  • lungs: 9%
  • heart: 7%
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8
Q

What is the formula for the velocity of blood flow?

A

V = F / A

V - velocity of blood flow
F - volume of blood flow
A - vascular cross sectional area

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9
Q

What are the three basic functional principles of the circulatory system?

A
  • RATE of blood flow to each tissue is always precisely CONTROLLED in relation to the TISSUE NEED
  • the cardiac OUTPUT is controlled mainly by the SUM of all the LOCAL tissue FLOWS
  • ARTERIAL PRESSURE regulation is generally INDEPENDENT of either local blood FLOW control or cardiac OUTPUT control
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10
Q

What is pressure gradient?

A

-pressure difference between the two ends of a vessel

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11
Q

What is resistance?

A

-impediment to blood flow through a vessel

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12
Q

How is flow through a vessel calculated?

A

-using Ohm’s law (Poiseuille equation)

  • F = ΔP / R
  • ΔP = (P1 - P2)

F - flow in mL/min
P1 - upstream pressure
P2 - pressure at end of segment
R - resistance between P1 and P2

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13
Q

What is the overall blood flow of an adult at rest?

A
  • 5000 mL/min

- also referred to as cardiac output

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14
Q

What is laminar flow and when does it occur?

A

-also called streamline flow

  • blood flows at a steady rate in layers (streamlines)
  • blood flows slowest in outer layers and fastest at inner layers
  • occurs in long, smooth vessels
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15
Q

What is turbulent flow and when does it occur?

A
  • flow is non-layered
  • creates a murmur
  • higher resistance

Occurs when blood…:

  • flow is too great
  • passes an obstruction
  • makes a sharp turn
  • passes over a rough surface
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16
Q

Turbulent flow is __________ (directly/inversely) proportionate to blood flow, __________ proportionate to vessel diameter, __________ proportionate to density, and __________ proportionate to viscosity.

A

Directly; directly; directly; indirectly

17
Q

Turbulent flow will occur somewhere in some regions of the vessel when Reynold’s number is above __________ and will occur throughout the vessel when Reynold’s number is above __________.

A

200-400; 2000

18
Q

What is blood pressure the measure of?

A

-the force exerted by blood against an area of the wall of a blood vessel

19
Q

What is the formula for resistance and what is the unit of resistance?

A

-R = ΔP / F
or
-R = 8 η l / (π x r^4)

R - resistance
ΔP - change in pressure (upstream - downstream)
η - viscosity (1/30)
l - vessel length
r - vessel radius

Unit:
1 PRU = 1 mmHg / 1 mL/sec

20
Q

Resistance increases when blood flow __________, upstream pressure __________, and down stream pressure __________.

A

Decreases; increases; decreases

21
Q

Resistance decreases when blood flow __________, upstream pressure __________, and down stream pressure __________.

A

Increases; decreases; increases

22
Q

What is conductance?

A
  • the measure of blood flow through a vessel for a given pressure difference
  • calculated using 1 / resistance
23
Q

Vessels arranged in parallel have a (greater/lesser) __________ resistance than individual vessels.

24
Q

What is viscosity? Describe the viscosity of blood.

A

-measure of a fluids internal resistance

  • viscosity of blood is 3x that of water
  • major factor is hematocrit (~42% in men and ~38 in women)
  • viscosity of plasma is 1.5x that of water
25
Q

What is autoregulation?

A
  • the ability of vessels to adjust vascular resistance to maintain blood flow through various blood pressures
  • occurs between blood pressures of 75-175 mmHg
26
Q

What happens when arterial blood pressure is less than 100?

A
  • heart pumps with increase force
  • constriction of venous reservoirs
  • constrict arterioles
  • kidneys may play a role

(J) Physiology Test 2 (10 decks)

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