Lecture 10- Olfactory and Gustatory System

Question 1

Airborne odorants bind to:

Answer 1

Olfactory receptors within the olfactory epithelium

Question 2

Olfactory epithelium covers ___% of the nasal surface

Answer 2

50

Question 3

Cellular surfaces are covered by ____ produced by ____

Answer 3

mucus layer, Bowman’s glands

Question 4

The ____ cells secrete enzymes that break down pathogenic or damaging molecules

Answer 4

Sustentacular

Question 5

____ cells are the progenitor cells of olfactory receptor neurons

Answer 5

Basal

Question 6

The olfactory nerve is cranial nerve ____, and the only CN exposed to the external environment

Answer 6

I

Question 7

Average lifetime of each olfactory receptor neuron

Answer 7

30-60 days

Question 8

Regeneration in the olfactory epithelium is heavily supported by _____

Answer 8

Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs)

Question 9

OECs are derived from ____

Answer 9

NCCs

Question 10

OLNs synapse onto projection neurons within the ____ of the olfactory bulb

Answer 10

glomeruli

Question 11

OECs interact with astrocyte endfeet to produce the ____ that creates the border between systems

Answer 11

glial limitans

Question 12

In the CNS, OECs help to maintain and form ____

Answer 12

BBB

Question 13

In the PNS, OECs ______ non-myelinated neurons and can ____ neurons

Answer 13

ensheath, myelinate

Question 14

Studies show that OECs transplanted onto mammalian spinal cords can:

Answer 14

1. Bridge the injury site
2. Myelinate de-myelinated axons
3. Decrease the size of the scar
4. Increase neuronal regeneration

Question 15

Anosmia is often restricted to ____

Answer 15

A single odorant

Question 16

Within the glomerulus there are dendrites from _____ and _____

Answer 16

Tufted cells, periglomerular cells

Question 17

______ cells lie within the olfactory bulb and synapse between mitral cells to establish a local lateral inhibitory circuit

Answer 17

Granule

Question 18

Mitral cells project to several cortical areas via _____

Answer 18

The olfactory tract

Question 19

Five categories of taste

Answer 19

Salt, sweet, bitter, sour, umami

Question 20

Taste cells regenerate from _____

Answer 20

Basal cells

Question 21

_____ leads to direct or indirect depolarization of the taste cell

Answer 21

Taste receptor proteins

Question 22

Salt and sour tastes are elicited by:

Answer 22

Ionic stimuli

Question 23

Sweet and umami receptors are:

Answer 23

G-protein coupled, lead to second messenger activation of ion channels

Question 24

Bitter tastes are transduced by:

Answer 24

T2 G-protein coupled receptor

Question 25

Taste cells relay information to:

Answer 25

Nucleus of the solitary tract

Question 26

Where is the nucleus of the solitary tract located?

Answer 26

Medulla of the brainstem

Question 27

The signals from the anterior portion of the tongue is relayed via _______

Answer 27

CN VIII (Facial nerve)

Question 28

The signals from the posterior tongue are relayed by ______ and ______

Answer 28

CN IX (glossopharyngeal nerve), CN X (vagus nerve)

Question 29

Temperature and pain receptors in the mouth and tongue are conveyed by ____

Answer 29

Trigeminal nerve to nuclei in the spinal cord and brainstem