Lecture 10 - Non-Mendelian inheritance

Question 1

What are the components in cytoplasmic geneticss

Answer 1

Uniparental inheritance of mitochondria and chloroplasts
Variegation
Mitochondria – inferring population history

Question 2

What are the components in nuclear alleles with Non-Mendelian inheritance

Answer 2

Gene Conversion
Meiotic Drive

Question 3

What are inherited mitochondrial diseases often associated with

Answer 3

Muscle weakness reflecting deificent production of ATP

Question 4

How are mitochondrial Diseases inhereted

Answer 4

READ AND FIND ANSWER

Question 5

What is Homoplasmy

Answer 5

All organelles are genetically identical

Question 6

What is Heteroplasmy

Answer 6

Multiple distinct DNA sequences within the cytoplasm of a single cell

Question 7

Describe the stages of replicative segregation (Slide 13)

Answer 7

Heteroplasmimc cell has 2 distinct varieties of DNA contained in its organelles

The organelles segregate randomly in cell division

Reproduce

And segregate randomly in cell ivisions

Organelles reproduce again and randomly segregate again

Result - most of the cells are heteroplastic, but by chance, some cells may receive only one type of organelle (eg. they may receive all normal or all mutant)

Question 8

What is Variegation

Answer 8

Variegation is the appearance of differently coloured zones in the foliage, flowers, and sometimes the stems and fruit of plants, granting a speckled, striped, or patchy appearance

Question 9

What is Paternal Leakage

Answer 9

the transmission of the male parent’s mitochondria to the offspring

Question 10

What is Uniparental Inheritance

Answer 10

Uniparental inheritance is a non-Mendelian form of inheritance that consists of the transmission of genotypes from one parental type to all progeny

Question 11

What is clonal inheritance

Answer 11

offspring are genetically identical to the parental cells, whatever the mating system of the species investigated

Question 12

Mitochondrial eve twaddle

Question 13

Out of Africa Hypothesis

Answer 13

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11130070

https://login.learningonscreen.ac.uk/wayfless.php?entityID=https%3A%2F%2Fidp.bath.ac.uk%2Fshibboleth&target=https%3A%2F%2Flearningonscreen.ac.uk%2Fondemand%2Findex.php%2Fclip%2F112313

Question 14

Gene conversion

Answer 14

One DNA sequence replaces a homologous sequence such that the sequences become identical after the conversion

Question 15

What is Meiotic Drive

Answer 15

Gametes produced have unequal chance to fertilise

Chromosomal level distortion - can cause death of half the gametes
Non-random fertilisation - cryptic female choice

Question 16

what are wtf genes

Answer 16

prolific dual poison-antidote meiotic drivers

Question 17

What are Selfish Genetic elements (SGEs)

Answer 17

Nuclear non-mendelian loci - increase frequency in populations quickly due to unfair inheritance

Question 18

What are cytoplasmic selfish elements

Answer 18

Cellular endoparasites, causing female biased ratios by:
Male killing
feminisation
Parthenogenesis

Question 19

Wolbachia vid

Answer 19

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pArFzT67Uhw