Lecture 10 - How to Quantify Obesity

Question 1

_____ is any excess adipose tissue outside of healthy range

Answer 1

Overweight

Question 2

Body Mass Index is a ratio of what?

Answer 2

height and weight

Question 3

Who developed the BMI

Answer 3

Adolphe Quetelet

Question 4

BMI Formula

Answer 4

weight in kg / height in meters squared

Question 5

Why is it difficult to show BMI in children?

Answer 5

Children are constantly growing and changing

Question 6

What do we use instead of BMI in children? (2)

Answer 6

• Percentiles: how child measures up to what is considered to be healthy
• zBMI

Question 7

What are the benefits of BMI

Answer 7

• Inexpensive
• Easy to calculate
• Accurate for most of population
• Makes population-level surveillance possible
• lot of population already know measures need to calculate

Question 8

What is body composition?

Answer 8

tissues that your body is made of

Question 9

What are the two main types of tissue?

Answer 9

• Fat/Adipose
• Fat Free

Question 10

What are the two body shapes of obesity and which are more common for who?

Answer 10

• Android (Apple); Men
• Gynoid (pear): Women

Question 11

Android fat distribution entails ____________ of fat that surrounds the organs

Answer 11

abdominal accumulation

Question 12

Benefits of waist circumference measurement

Answer 12

Inexpensive and accessible
little training and equipment
very easy to do

Question 13

Drawbacks of waist circumference measurement

Answer 13

little overall information
limited to one area
hard to figure out where the waist is

Question 14

What are the two types of fat

Answer 14

Brown and white

Question 15

Which type of fat is more metabolically active?

Answer 15

Brown fat

Question 16

______ fat has a higher mitochondrial density and is active in thermogenesis

Answer 16

brown

Question 17

______ fat primary use is storage and protection

Answer 17

white

Question 18

The ___________ measurement tells us where we store fat and what type of fat

Answer 18

waist-to-hip ratio

Question 19

A Magnetic Resonance Imaging machines measure ______ and _______ to create detailed images

Answer 19

magnetic field ; radio waves

Question 20

Benefits of MRI

Answer 20

High accuracy
Repeated assessments possible

Question 21

Drawbacks of MRI

Answer 21

Expensive and Inaccessible
Specialized training required

Question 22

Benefits of CT

Answer 22

High accuracy and definition

Question 23

Drawbacks of CT

Answer 23

Expensive and Inaccessible
Specialized training required
too much radiation for repeated use
Patient burden - risks outweigh any results

Question 24

_____________ measures the total body composition, specific regions and bone density

Answer 24

Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry

Question 25

Benefits of Dual Energy

Answer 25

High accuracy and reliabiltiy
a lot of data available
less expensive than MRI or CT1

Question 26

Drawbacks of Dual Energy

Answer 26

low dose X-ray
expensive
requires training
limited to 400lbs

Question 27

___________ measures mass per unit volume of body and body density

Answer 27

Hydrostatic Weighing

Question 28

Benefits of Hydrostatic

Answer 28

high accuracy and reliability

Question 29

Drawbacks of Hydrostatic

Answer 29

uncomfortable
hard for participant
expensive (tools)
requires training

Question 30

Air-Displacement Plethysmography (Bodpod) measures ________

Answer 30

body density

Question 31

Benefits of BodPod

Answer 31

High accuracy and reliability
somewhat portable

Question 32

Drawbacks of BodPod

Answer 32

Uncomfortable (little clothing)
expensive
requires training

Question 33

Benefits of Bioelectric Impedance

Answer 33

Bang for your buck
Portable
doesn’t require special training

Question 34

Drawbacks of Bioelectric Impedance

Answer 34

Lacks reliability and validity
Highly reliant on body hydration

Question 35

Skin folds measure ________

Answer 35

subcutaneous fat

Question 36

Drawbacks of Skin folds

Answer 36

little clothing (discomfort)
requires trained personnel
questionable accuracy and reliability
if inexpensive caliber (can bend or break)

Question 37

What are the rough obesity classification with fat % for men and women?

Answer 37

Men - 25%
Women - 30%