Lecture 10 - How to Quantify Obesity Flashcards
_____ is any excess adipose tissue outside of healthy range
Overweight
Body Mass Index is a ratio of what?
height and weight
Who developed the BMI
Adolphe Quetelet
BMI Formula
weight in kg / height in meters squared
Why is it difficult to show BMI in children?
Children are constantly growing and changing
What do we use instead of BMI in children? (2)
- Percentiles: how child measures up to what is considered to be healthy
- zBMI
What are the benefits of BMI
- Inexpensive
- Easy to calculate
- Accurate for most of population
- Makes population-level surveillance possible
- lot of population already know measures need to calculate
What is body composition?
tissues that your body is made of
What are the two main types of tissue?
- Fat/Adipose
- Fat Free
What are the two body shapes of obesity and which are more common for who?
- Android (Apple); Men
- Gynoid (pear): Women
Android fat distribution entails ____________ of fat that surrounds the organs
abdominal accumulation
Benefits of waist circumference measurement
Inexpensive and accessible
little training and equipment
very easy to do
Drawbacks of waist circumference measurement
little overall information
limited to one area
hard to figure out where the waist is
What are the two types of fat
Brown and white
Which type of fat is more metabolically active?
Brown fat
______ fat has a higher mitochondrial density and is active in thermogenesis
brown
______ fat primary use is storage and protection
white
The ___________ measurement tells us where we store fat and what type of fat
waist-to-hip ratio
A Magnetic Resonance Imaging machines measure ______ and _______ to create detailed images
magnetic field ; radio waves
Benefits of MRI
High accuracy
Repeated assessments possible
Drawbacks of MRI
Expensive and Inaccessible
Specialized training required
Benefits of CT
High accuracy and definition
Drawbacks of CT
Expensive and Inaccessible
Specialized training required
too much radiation for repeated use
Patient burden - risks outweigh any results
_____________ measures the total body composition, specific regions and bone density
Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry
Benefits of Dual Energy
High accuracy and reliabiltiy
a lot of data available
less expensive than MRI or CT1
Drawbacks of Dual Energy
low dose X-ray
expensive
requires training
limited to 400lbs
___________ measures mass per unit volume of body and body density
Hydrostatic Weighing
Benefits of Hydrostatic
high accuracy and reliability
Drawbacks of Hydrostatic
uncomfortable
hard for participant
expensive (tools)
requires training
Air-Displacement Plethysmography (Bodpod) measures ________
body density
Benefits of BodPod
High accuracy and reliability
somewhat portable
Drawbacks of BodPod
Uncomfortable (little clothing)
expensive
requires training
Benefits of Bioelectric Impedance
Bang for your buck
Portable
doesn’t require special training
Drawbacks of Bioelectric Impedance
Lacks reliability and validity
Highly reliant on body hydration
Skin folds measure ________
subcutaneous fat
Drawbacks of Skin folds
little clothing (discomfort)
requires trained personnel
questionable accuracy and reliability
if inexpensive caliber (can bend or break)
What are the rough obesity classification with fat % for men and women?
Men - 25%
Women - 30%
