Lecture 10 Enzymes 1 Flashcards
Define oxidoreductases
Move electrons: redox reactions
What are the activated carriers in regards to oxidoreductases?
NADH
NADPH
FADH2
FMNH2
Define transferases
Move a functional group
What are the activated carriers of transferases?
ATP pyridoxal phosphate SAM Tetrahydrofolate 5'-deoxyadenosylcobalamin
Define hydrolyses
break a chemical bond by adding water across it
Define isomerases
rearrange order of atoms in a molecule (isomerization)
Define lyases
Break a chemical bond without using water
Define ligases
paste two pieces together (make a chemical bond), uses ATP
Who are the activated carriers for ligase?
TPP, coASH, lipoamide, biotin
Describe a nucleophilic substitution
swap functional groups
Describe nucleophilic addition
add functional groups
Describe carbonyl condensation
changes the number of carbons
Describe elimination
increases the bond order
Describe oxidation reduction
moves electrons: redox. Nicki ford luvs
What are the three types of bonds that take place within substrate binding?
Nonpolar van der waals interactions
charge charge interactions
hydrogen bonding interactions
Describe the active site
- only a few residues out of the protein
- 3-D cleft/crevice/pocket, creating a microenvironment (environment will help us do something)
- determines substrate specificity by size and charge complementarity
- contacts with the substrate through non covalent interactions
Describe allosteric binding
Does NOT occur at the active site, but follows the same interaction rules as an active site
involves a second substrate which can be an activator or inhibitor
Describe competitive binding
Something binds to the active site of the molecule
Describe allosteric binding
Something binds to the molecule at a place that is not the active site
Describe competitive inhibition
An inhibitor binds to the active site and does not allow substrates to bind
Describe allosteric inhibition
An inhibitor binds to the molecule and changes the shape of the active site and does not allow the substrates to bind to the molecule
Describe allosteric activation
The allosteric activator binds to the molecules, changes the shape of the active site that is consistent with what the substrate needs and allows it to bind
Define apoenzymes
incomplete
inactive
lack cofactor/coenzyme
Define holoenzyme
whole, active contain a cofactor/coenzyme and require allosteric activation
