Lecture 10 Flashcards
Types of Parenteral Routes
- Intravenous
- Intramuscular
- Subcutaneous
- Intradermal
When is Parenteral (injection) formulation used/administered?
- Rapid drug action is desired (emergencies)
- Patient is uncooperative
- Patient is unconscious
- Patient is unable to accept or tolerate oral medication
- Drug is ineffective by other routes
Advantages of IV injections
- Rapid drug action vs other routes
- Absorption is not a factor
- Optimum drug levels reached with accuracy and immediacy
- May be lifesaving in emergencies
Disadvantages of IV injections
- Risk of thrombus and embolus by needles
- Health issues due to the presence of particulate matters
- Once the drug is administered it cannot be retrieved
What should be considered when injecting into the vein?
- Ensure accuracy in dosing
- Strict aseptic precautions must be taken
- Sterile needles/syringes
- Disinfected point of entrance
- In aqueous solution
- Mix with circulating blood
What effects do intramuscular routes provide?
- Less rapid than IV
- Longer lasting than IV
- Point of injection far from nerves and blood vessels
- Volume of administration (3-5mL)
When is subcutaneous route used?
- For small amounts
- For drugs i.e. Insulin
When is intradermal route used?
- For immunization
- For very small amounts (0.1mL)
What are the types of injections?
- Injection
- For injection
- Injectable emulsion
- Injectable suspension
- For injectable suspension
What is injection?
- Liquid prep containing the drug substance
What is For Injection?
Dry solids that combine with a vehicle to produce a solution for injection?
What is an injectable emulsion?
- Liquid prep contain the drug substance dissolved or dispersed in an emulsion medium
What is emulsion?
- A heterogenous system consisting of at least one immiscible liquid intimately dispersed in another in the form of droplets, whose diameters generally exceed 0.1um.
Why make an emulsion?
- Emulsion dosage forms are appropriate when the drug is not miscible in the desired solvent or a co-solvent system
- Poorly miscible/soluble drugs can be places in a suitable vehicle for administration
- Stability
- Taste/Odor
What is injectable suspension?
-Liquid preparation of solid suspended in a liquid (vehicle) medium
What is a suspension?
- 2 phase system consisting of a finely divided solid dispersed in a solid, liquid m or gas
- Preparations contain finely divided drug particles (the suspensooid) distributed somewhat uniformly throughout a vehicle in which the drug exhibits a minimum degree of solubility
Why make a suspension?
- Emulsion dosage forms are appropriate when the drug is not miscible in the desired solvent or a co-solvent system
- Poorly miscible/soluble drugs can be places in a suitable vehicle for administration
- Stability
- Taste/Odor
What is for injectable suspension?
-Dry solids that combine with a vehicle to produce a preparation for injectable suspension
