Lecture 10 Flashcards
+ Effect on actor and + Effect on recipient
Mutualism/Cooperative
Name the 4 kinds of social interaction
- Mutualism
- Altruism
- Selfish
- Spiteful
- effect on actor + effect on recipient
Altruism
+ effect on actor - effect on recipient
Selfish
- effect on actor - effect on recipient
Spiteful
What are the two causes of Mutualism?
- Immediate benefit
- Reciprocal altruism
What is an examples of benefits from Mutualsim
- Flocks of birds, schools of fish
- Vampire bats feeding each other’s offspring (reciprocal altruism)
Why would an individual be altruistic?
Kin selection
What is kin selection?
Selection that favors traits that benefit relatives
What is Hamilton’s rule
Natural selection will favors the spread of a mutation that causes an altruistic behavior when:
RB > C
What is R in Hamilton’s rule
Relatedness of recipient to the actor
What is B in Hamilton’s rule
Fitness benefit to the recipient
What is C in Hamilton’s rule
fitness cost to actor
What is the relatedness to a sibling?
0.5
What is relatedness to a cousin?
0.125
What are 2 an example of Kin selection
- Turkey mating with dominant getting boost and subordinate getting no matings
- Eusocial insects (most individuals do not reproduce to help mother reproduce)
Give an example of when Hamilton’s rule not satisfied
Parent-offspring conflict
What are different layers of selection, with examples at every layer?
- Molecules, transposons
- Organelles, mitochondrial male sterility
- Populations of Cells, cancer tumors
- Selection on Individuals, many examples in class
- Selection on Groups, Experiment with flour beetles
- Selection of Species, Specialized diets in insects (speciate more) vs generalized
What is usually bigger selection on groups or selection on individuals, and why?
Selection on individuals as they have shorter generations times than groups
Why might virulence evolve?
Horizontal transmission vs vertical transmission
Why is are mitochondria (microbe) not pathogenic?
Vertical transmission
