lecture 10-18

Question 1

Phenotype

Answer 1

the trait

Question 2

Genotype

Answer 2

the combination of alleles in an indivual

Question 3

alleles

Answer 3

different versions of genes result in different traits

Question 4

Mendels first law (segregation)

Answer 4

2 alleles separate during gamete formation to end up in different gametes

Question 5

Mendels first law (segregation)

Answer 5

the trait of the dominant allele can mask the trait of the recessive allele

Question 6

Mendels first law (segregation)

Answer 6

explains the 3:1 ratio

Question 7

Mendel’s second law (independent assortment)

Answer 7

alleles of different genes segregate independently of each other

Question 8

purpose of Mendel’s law?

Answer 8

describe what happens to chromosomes during meoisis

Question 9

Homozygous/Homozygote

Answer 9

both alleles the same

Question 10

heterozygous/heterozygote

Answer 10

two different alleles, “carriers”

Question 11

monohybrid cross

Answer 11

crossing 2 heterozygotes

Question 12

photosynthesis

Answer 12

converts light energy into chemical energy in carbohydrates

Question 13

cellular respiration

Answer 13

harvests energy to work from organic molecules

Question 14

2 series of chloroplasts

Answer 14

light reactions: use light energy and split H2O to make O2
Calvin cycle: uses CO2 to make sugar H2O

Question 15

Chloroplast

Answer 15

organelles where photosynthesis takes place,

Question 16

5 phases of mitosis

Answer 16

Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, & Telophase

Question 17

Prophase

Answer 17

chromosomes start to condense, spindle and aster microtubules form, centrosomes migrate toward poles

Question 18

prometaphase

Answer 18

nuclear envelope fragment, chromosomes fully condensed, centrosomes migrating toward poles, spindle attaches to kinetochores at centromeres

Question 19

metaphase

Answer 19

chromosomes lined up at metaphase plate, centrosomes reach poles

Question 20

Anaphase

Answer 20

sister chromatids move toward opposite poles, now daughter chromosomes

Question 21

telophase

Answer 21

nuclear envelope returns, spindle, and asters are taken apart, chromosomes return to diffuse chromatin

Question 22

reception

Answer 22

Specific signaling molecule binds to a specific integral receptor protein

Question 23

transduction

Answer 23

Ligand activates receptors and causes some change that signals a response inside the cell, Signal transduction pathway: sequence of changes in multiple molecules, Converting one kind of signal to another

Question 24

response

Answer 24

The transduced signal triggers a response, Turns genes on, turns genes off, activates an enzyme, turns off an enzyme