Lecture 1 - Trauma Flashcards
What is a Fracture
Complete or incomplete break in the continuity of bone or cartilage
How can fractures forces be presented?
compressing, torsional, shearing or occur by tension
force may cause fractures through normal bone by…
a single major trauma or by repeatedly low intensity stresses or fatigue
Radiographic signs of trauma
- Cortical disruption must “visually trace” all aspect
- Radiolucent line through cortex - some distraction
- Trabecular disruption or displacement
- Soft tissue displacement
- Fragment displacement
What are the types of fractures
Open, Closed or Comminuted Fractures
Explain an Closed Fracture
Does not break skin or communicate with outside environment
Explain an Open Fracture
Penetrate the skin over the fracture site
Explain a Comminuted Fracture
Fx has more than two fragments
- A butterfly fragment is a wedge-shaped fragment
- Segmental fractures are those in which the fx divides the long bone into several segments
What is Avulsion Fracture Mechanism?
Tearing away of the portion of the bone by a forceful muscular or ligamentous pulling
What is an impaction fracture?
Occurs when a portion of bone is driven into its adjacent segment.
What is an Incomplete Fracture?
Broken on only one side of the bone, may leave a buckling or bending of the bone as the only sign of the fx
What is Greenstick?
Angular stress disrupt the cortex on the convex side, primarily in children (<10yoa)
What is Torus (Buckling)
Axial injury causes outward bulging of the cortex
Lead pipe is a combination between which two fractures
Greenstick and Torus
Bowing deformity without fracture is
Bowing fracture
What is “Chip” (corner) fracture
Form of avulsion fracture at the corner of phalanx or other short tubular bone
What is a Pathologic fracture
Through diseased bone, usually transverse
What are the three most common characteristics of Stress Fracture?
- The activity is usually strenuous
- The activity is often new and Different
- The activity is usually repeated with frequency
What is an Insufficiency fracture?
Stress fracture through the diseased bone
During normal activity
What is an Occult Fracture?
Fracture gives clinical signs of its presence without any radiologic evidence
What is Pseudofracture?
Not a true fracture
- Are discrete regions of uncalcified osteoid
Found in assoc. with bone softening diseases
