Lecture 1 Test

Question 1

What is the scientific name for the common bottle-nose dolphin?

Answer 1

Tursiops Truncatus

Question 2

How many species in the order cetacea

Answer 2

87 ( 1 extinct)

Question 3

What two suborders are living cetaceans divided into?

Answer 3

Mysticeti ( baleen) and Odontoceti ( toothed)

Question 4

Root of Odontoceti

Answer 4

greek: odontos “tooth”

Question 5

How many species of dolphin?

Answer 5

36. EX: bottle nose, pacific white- sided, pilot, killer

Question 6

When did the National Marine Fisheries Service change its terminology

Answer 6

2010

Question 7

Inshore ecotype adaptations

Answer 7

adapted for warm, shallow waters. Its smaller body and larger flippers suggest increased maneuverability and heat dissipation

Question 8

offshore ecotype adaptations

Answer 8

adapted for cooler, deeper waters. Certain hematologic characteristics indicate that they may be better adapted for deep diving. The larger body type assists in heat conservation and defense against predation

Question 9

Where are inshore bottlenose dolphins found

Answer 9

typically seen in bays, tidal creeks, inlets, marshes, rivers and waters along the open beach, often at depths of 3m (9.8 ft.) or less

Question 10

What is their diet?

Answer 10

The diet of coastal bottlenose dolphins is diverse and depends upon location.

· Many dolphin eat only fish.

· Some dolphins eat a small number of cephalopods, crustaceans, small rays and sharks.

· They generally consume about 5% of their body weight daily (Barros and Odell, 1990).

· There is strong evidence that bottlenose dolphins are selective feeders, taking fish disproportionately based on their availability in the environment and especially selecting soniferous

Question 11

Fusiform

Answer 11

torpedo like

Question 12

tail fluke

Answer 12

fibrous connective tissue

Question 13

dorsal fin

Answer 13

fibrous connective tissue, provides balance and stability

Question 14

pectoral flippers

Answer 14

Similar skeletal structure to that of the human hand

o Can be articulated

o Used for steering and stopping

Question 15

Morphometrics

Answer 15

phometrics

· The mass and length of animals varies by geographic location.

· Body size of the bottlenose dolphin appears to vary inversely with the water temperature of the location (the colder the water, the larger the animal).

· In some populations there are size differences between the genders with females growing faster during the first decade of life, and males usually growing larger later in life.

· In other populations there are no size differences between the genders.

· Average age to reach adult mass:

o Females attain most of their adult mass by 10-12 years of age.

o Males reach adult size around 13 years of age or older (several years after

Question 16

Average adult length

Answer 16

at AMMPA faciltiy: 8.5 ft.

Wild: 7.2-8-8 ft ( max reported is 12.5)

Question 17

How much thicker is a dolphin’s epidermis compared to ours?

Answer 17

15-20 ( no scent or sweat glands)

Question 18

Dolphin’s core body temperature

Answer 18

98.7

Question 19

counter current heat exchange

Answer 19

o Counter current heat exchange is used to regulate heat loss to the environment.

o Arteries carry warmed blood away from the core of the body towards the periphery.

o Veins carry cooled blood from the periphery to the body’s core.

o In many mammals, including humans, deeply placed major arteries supplying the extremities are accompanied by two or more veins. Heat is transferred between the arteries and the accompanying veins.

o Diffusion allows for the arteries to release their heat to the surrounding veins, cooling the arterial blood heading to the extremities and warming the venous blood as it returns to the core.

Question 20

what does homodont mean

Answer 20

all teeth are the same size and shape

Question 21

non-deciduous

Answer 21

only have one set

Question 22

how many teeth

Answer 22

72-104 ( 18-26 per row, 4 rows)

Question 23

Taste?

Answer 23

detect three, if not all four

Question 24

Range of hearing

Answer 24

75 ro 150,000 hz ( human 20-20,000)

Question 25

echolocation

Answer 25

biological sonar. Emit hight frequency sounds and detect and analyze the returning echoes from those sounds to determine the size, shape structure, composition, direction and speed of an object. Echolocation sounds are produced using air that is reserved int he nasal sacs behind the blowhole, the sacs vibrate as sound escapes and that vibration causes the clicks of echolocation. They are amplified by melon and skull sahpe. when used for scanning the sound is emmited like spray paint. can tected objects of 70 metees away

Question 26

respiration

Answer 26

colphin exhanges 80 percent of lung volume, humans only 17. complete inhalaton and exhalation takes about .3 seconds. max breth hold is 7 min. average rate is 2-3 per min. typically breath 8-10 times in a 5 min period

Question 27

max speed

Answer 27

18mph ( along side boat) 25mph when upward to a leap. can be about 18 when excaping

Question 28

Average swim speed

Answer 28

3-7 mph

Question 29

average dive depth

Answer 29

9.8 feet

Question 30

max depth dive

Answer 30

1,280

Question 31

dive adaptations

Answer 31

slow heart rate, blood shunted away from tissues toleratnt of low oxygen levles and sent to heard lungs and brain. Muscles have high content of the oxygen binding protein myoglobin

Question 32

typical socal groups

Answer 32

fluid. nursery groups, mixed sex groups of juveniles, strongly bonded pairs of adult males

Question 33

sleep

Answer 33

unihemispheric slow wave sleep. one half is asleep, other half maintains visual awarness of environment and allows the animal to breath

Question 34

sexually maturity

Answer 34

females, 8-10 ( early as 5) males 10-13 ( young as 8) .

Question 35

nursing

Answer 35

dq calves generally nurse for up to 18months. under human care, start eating fish within the first year of life. max period observed int he wild was 7 years . in wild, ,stay iwt mom average of 3-6 yyears. .ongest 11

Question 36

lifespan

Answer 36

AMMPA facilties: one year old is expected to live for more than 25 years. in wild 12 . oldest was Nellie at Georga Marineland who was 61 (64 in wild)