LECTURE 1 - STUDY GUIDE Flashcards
Which statement does not describe a classical assumption most scientists and the general public had before the experiments of Kolreuter (1760s), T.A. Knight (1832) and Mendel?
- Two different species with similar body parts can be bred together
- Species don’t change over time
- If you have something physically happen to you, your child will have those physical features as well
What were the findings of Josef Kolreuter (1760s) regarding patterns of inheritance?
-In the 1960s, he tried to create hybridization of plants
-Different strains of tobacco planets were cross fertilized and obtained fertile offspring.
REMEMBER tobacco plants
What were the findings of T.A. Knight (1832) regarding patterns of inheritance?
-The offspring produced from self fertilization remains uniform from one generation to the next
REMEMBER- pea plants
What is the definition of true-breeding?
-breeding where the parents would produce offspring that would carry the same phenotype
Mendel, through his pea experiments, came up with the terms segregation, character, and traits. How are these words related to one another?
Segregration- when some offspring exhibited alternative forms of a character
Characters- physical representations of your genetics
Traits- different forms of your characters (based on your genetics)
Male and female sexual organs are enclosed within a pea flower which Mendel used. He would self-pollinate and cross-pollinate to obtain his results. What is the difference between self-pollination and cross-pollination?
Self-pollination
- combines the anther and pistil of the same flower
Cross fertilization
- combines the anther and pistil of different flowers
Which statement does not describe how Mendel found his phenotype and genotype results for the 𝐹1 and 𝐹2 generations? (know the experimental design and which genotype and phenotypes he breed)
F1 did not show white
F2 showed white when they were not original shown
Which statement describes the results of Mendel’s experiments (i.e. what did we learn from them being completed)?
We learned the disguised ratio
What is the difference between a dominant and recessive trait?
Dominant ( always shown in Mendilian genetics)
Recessive (only show up when the Dominant is absent)
What is the (a) genotypic and (b) phenotypic ratio of the offspring of a monohybrid cross of a heterozygous male and heterozygous female plant? H = tall and h = short
Make a Punnett square
Results:
Genotypic: 1HH, 2Hh, 1hh
Phenotypic: 3 tall: 1 short
What is the (a) genotypic and (b) phenotypic ratio of the offspring of a monohybrid cross of a homozygous short male and a heterozygous female plant? H = tall and h = short
Make a Punnett square
Results:
Genotypic: 2Hh, 2hh
Phenotypic: 2 tall: 2 short
What does it mean that Mendel discovered a “disguised ratio?”
masked in heterozygotes
