Lecture 1 – Storage Systems in the Energy Supply System Flashcards
What does the Climate gas neutralty means?
It does not mean that we are not emmiting any Emmisions anymore but we balance them with so called negative Emmisions. It means we take actively CO2 Emmision out of the Atmosphere.
German Goal is the CO2 neutralty by the end of 2045.
How much was the net and gross power Consumtion in Germany in 2021 in Wh?
491TWh net
570 TWh gross from that 251 Twh from renewables
What does the flexibility in grid means?
Which characteristics does it have?
Supply of negative or/and positive balancing power (Regelenergie) for leveling balance and supply.
Response time
Energy to Power ratio ( max. duration of supply)
Cost structures
Localization with regard to grid levels
Options for delivering grid services
(control power, reactive power)
Grid extension and storage systems are …..,
not ….. technologies.
Grids distributed energy in …..
Storage systems distribute energy in .
complementary
not alternative technologies.
space- think of the Nord Sud transport of energy
time- think of PV production during the day and use at night
What are the three challenges that speak against a full conversion to renewable energies?
Challenge 1: Peak Demand and High Amplitude Power Gradients
Challenge 2: Extended Periods with Surplus Power
Challenge 3: “Dunkelflauten” Extended Periods of Positive Residual Load
Explain the Challenge 1
In the times of Peak demand the Residual Load gets really high. And the high amplitude of power gradients (the quick changes in the Surplus/demand) of app. 100 GW in few hours demands more short term flexibility.
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Which Options are there for Short term Flexibility (shifting of up to 24 hours)
Option 1
Flexible power generation with gas turbine (natural gas, biogas, hydrogen)
Higher operational and fuel flexibility expected towards 2050
Option 2
Battery storage
Important technology especially with the transformation phase
of the energy system
Option 3
Demand Side Management in households (incl. electric vehicles, PV home storage systems, appliances, heat and hot water demand) and in industry very high potential expected towards 2050. Low marginal costs, because of low additional investments
Explain the Challenge 2 : Extended Periods with Surplus Power
for the complete switch to renewables in 2050
There will be times in the year where the production will be more than the consumption so we get a socalled Surplus Power and we need to be figuring out how to handle with that in a most economic way possible.
Option 1 Storing
Whenever the use of storage systems is economic
Option 2 Electric heat generation (power to heat in hybrid heating systems)
Very high potential, low investment costs
Option 3 Generation of substances & gases for use outside the power sector (Power to X)
High number of hours with surplus power for economic operation necessary
(requires >80% share of power generation from PV & Wind
Option 4Curtailment
Economic if investments are too high for alternatives
Explain the Challenge 3: “Dunkelflauten”
Extended Periods of Positive Residual Load
for the complete switch to renewables in 2050
There will be „Dunkelflaute“ (about 14 days): low wind and solar
radiation so we have a constant positive residual load for a long term.
Option 1Flexible conventional power plants
Amount depends on available CO 2 budget
Option 2 Flexible bio gas power plants
Depends on availability of bio mass (acceptance, competition
with food production)
Option 3Long term storage (power generation from hydrogen or renewable methane by means of gas power plants)
Requires sufficient surplus to fill the gas storage
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Which Potentials of PV storage systems are there for Houshold?
Self consumption optimisation : charging the battery storage as early as possible
Grid friendly operation: Reserving storage capacity to reduce the midday peak.
in what sense does the industry use the large battery storage?
Peak Load Reduction
In the sense of reducing the resulting costs of the grid connection fees, since the industry, unlike the households, pay their grid fees according to the maximum power they have called from Nez and through battery storage these maximum peaks can be reduced.
