Lecture 1: Roles, Responsibilities & Functions Flashcards
Who is responsible for ensuring compliance with international and flag state regulations?
(a) Charterer
(b) Shipowner
(c) Shipbroker
(d) Stevedore
b)
Which type of ship ownership is commonly operated for strategic national purposes?
(a) Private ownership
(b) Corporate ownership
(c) Government ownership
(d) Joint ownership
c)
What is the primary goal of a ship charterer?
(a) Ensure smooth port operations
(b) Generate revenue through ship hire
(c) Facilitate agreements between shipowners and charterers
(d) Ensure cost-effective and timely transport of goods
d)
Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of a ship agent?
(a) Coordinating port operations
(b) Negotiating charter rates
(c) Managing customs clearance
(d) Supervising cargo loading and discharge
b)
In which type of charter does the charterer take full operational control of the vessel
Bareboat Charter
What is the main role of a ship broker?
(a) Represent shipowners at ports
(b) Act as an intermediary between shipowners and charterers
(c) Arrange bunkering and crew changes
(d) Supervise loading and discharge of cargo
b)
Which type of shipping agent is responsible for securing cargo for shipowners?
(a) Port agent
(b) Cargo agent
(c) Charterers agent
(d) Owners agent
b)
How are disputes typically resolved in the maritime industry?
(a) Through court proceedings
(b) By terminating the contract immediately
(c) Through arbitration or mediation
(d) By government intervention
c)
What is the final step in fixing a charter agreement between a shipowner and a charterer?
(a) Conduct market analysis
(b) Identify cargo and vessel requirements
(c) Negotiate charter party terms
(d) Sign the charter party agreement
d)
What is the key focus of a ship agent?
(a) Ensuring smooth port operations
(b) Finding vessels for charterers
(c) Setting freight rates
(d) Determining laytime and demurrage
a)
Define the role of a shipowner and list two key responsibilities.
A shipowner is an entity or individual that owns a vessel and is responsible for its operation and compliance.
Responsibilities:
1. Ensure compliance with international and flag state regulations.
2. Manage technical operations, maintenance, and crew.
3. Arrange insurance (Hull & Machinery and Protection & Indemnity).
4. Negotiate and manage charter agreements with charterers.
What are the three types of ship ownership and give one example of each?
- Private Ownership – Individually or family-owned ships (e.g., small shipping businesses).
- Corporate Ownership – Shipping companies own and operate fleets (e.g., CMA CGM, PIL).
- Government Ownership – State-operated vessels for strategic or defense purposes (e.g., naval ships).
What are the three types of charterers and how do they differ?
Voyage Charterers: Hire a vessel for a single journey, paying freight per cargo ton.
Time Charterers: Hire a vessel for a set period, paying a daily hire rate.
Bareboat Charterers: Lease the vessel with full control, responsible for operations, maintenance, and crew.
List and explain the four steps in finalizing a charter agreement.
Step 1: Identify cargo and vessel requirements – Match the ship’s capacity with cargo needs.
Step 2: Conduct market analysis – Assess freight rates and availability.
Step 3: Negotiate charter party terms – Define the rights and responsibilities of both parties.
Step 4: Sign the charter party agreement – Finalize the contract to confirm the charter.
What are two key factors that are considered during charter negotiations?
- Freight rates: Determine the cost of transporting cargo.
- Laytime and demurrage: Specify allowed loading/unloading time and penalties for delays.
List 4 duties of a ship agent
- Inward/Outward Clearances:
Arrange vessel bookings in/out of port, pilot and tugboat services, and handle customs declarations. - Ship Husbanding:
Attend to the vessel’s needs, including crew medical, stores, repairs, and bunkers. - Preparing reports:
Provide details about the crew, previous routes, and any incidents like deaths or illnesses during the voyage. - Customs & Cargo:
Notify customs of the ship’s arrival and report the cargo on board. - Stevedore coordination:
Provide the stevedore’s ship planner with the cargo manifest and liaise with stevedores and terminal operators on safe handling. - Crew changes:
Organize crew changes, including immigration documentation and flight bookings. - Ship Services:
Handle repairs, maintenance, and any required services for the ship. - Protecting Vessel’s Interests:
Ensure the vessel’s interests are safeguarded during its port stay.
