Lecture 1 review

Question 1

What are the three branches of genetics?

Answer 1

Transmission genetics, population genetics, and molecular genetics

Question 2

What are the two other names for transmission genetics?

Answer 2

Classical or mendalian genetics

Question 3

What 4 things do all cells have?

Answer 3

A semipermeable lipid bilayer membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and the ability to store genetic info as molecules of nucleic acid

Question 4

What is the main difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Answer 4

Their cellular organization of DNA

Question 5

Are somatic cells diploid or haploid?

Answer 5

Diploid

Question 6

Are gametic cells diploid or haploid?

Answer 6

Haploid

Question 7

What are the 4 basic things genetic material must be able to do?

Answer 7

Store info in a stable form, transfer info to other parts of the cell so it can be expressed as a trait, duplicate info accurately during cell division, and vary through mutation and recombination

Question 8

What is a monohybrid cross?

Answer 8

A cross between two pure lines differing in a single character of interest

Question 9

What is the F1 generation?

Answer 9

The progeny of a pure strain cross (first filial generation)

Question 10

What is the F2 generation?

Answer 10

The progeny of F1s self-reproduction

Question 11

What is a dominant trait?

Answer 11

A trait that can appear in the F1 generation

Question 12

What is a recessive trait?

Answer 12

A trait that doesn’t appear in F1, but reappears in F2

Question 13

What is an allele?

Answer 13

Alternate forms of a gene

Question 14

Define homozygous

Answer 14

When both genes of a gene pair are the same

Question 15

Define heterozygous

Answer 15

When both genes of a gene pair are different

Question 16

Define a true-breeding strain

Answer 16

A strain that is homozygous for a particular trait

Question 17

A diploid organism can have up to ___ alleles for a particular trait

Answer 17

2

Question 18

What is mendel’s first law?

Answer 18

The principle of segregation

Question 19

What does the principle of segregation state?

Answer 19

That every individual carries pairs of factors for each trait that segregate during the formation of gametes

Question 20

What is a test-cross?

Answer 20

A confirmation of an individual’s unknown genotype by crossing it with an individual that’s homozygous recessive for that trait

Question 21

What is a reciprocal cross?

Answer 21

Performing the original cross but switching the genders of the parents and their associated trait