Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Renal I Midterm > Lecture 1: Renal Anatomy and Histology > Flashcards

Lecture 1: Renal Anatomy and Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What is a bifed ureter?

A

A ureter that comes out as two and then fuses together eventually.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Label A-D

A

A) Proximal Convoluted Tubule

B) Distal Convoluted Tubule

C) Mitochondria

D) Brush Border

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

_________nerve fibers from the _______ plexus stimulate the secretion of _________

A

Sympathetic nerve fibers from the renal plexus stimulate the secretion of renin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Functions of Interstitial Cells

A
  • Maintenance of Renal Architecture
  • Produces Erythropoietin (EPO)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Label the top and bottom arrow

A

Top arrow: Mesangial Cell

Bottom arrow: Mesangial Matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is this structure?

A

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Components of capsule of bowman?

A
  • Double layered
  • Parietal and visceral components
  • Podocytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Label from top arrow to bottom

A

Top: Mesangium

Podocyte

Glomerular capillary

Bottom: Parietal Layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What 2 cells make up the collecting tubule; distinguishing features?

A

1) Principle Cells - Stain light - Mechanosensor
2) Intercalated Cell - Stain Dark - Lots of Mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Label A-D

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Parasympathetic control of kidneys (functions)?

A
  • Vasodilation
  • Inhibits Urinary Sphincter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What structures are found in the renal medulla?

A

Medullary pyramids, Renal Papilla, and Renal Columns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Sympathetic control of kidney (functions)?

A
  • Vasoconstriction
  • Slow urine formation
  • Contract urinary sphincter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

If we are in a capillary to get to the urinary space, what’s the path?

A

Go between fenestrations of the capillary (endothelium), past the basement membrane, through the filtration slits between the pedicles of the podocytes

endothelium –> basement membrane –> between pedicles of the podocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Differentitate histologically the difference between the thick and thin segments of the loop of henle

A

Thick - Low simple cuboidal epithelium

Thin - Simple squamous epithelium (1 layer thick)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 3 uteric constriction points?

A

1) Junction of Ureter and Renal Pelvis
2) Pelvic Brim
3) Urinary Bladder

*Places where kidney stones are most likely to get stuck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 3 blood supply branches coming off the abdominal aorta; which ones are the Renal As.?

A

1) Unpaired Visceral Branches
2) Paired Lateral Visceral Branches (Renal As.)
3) Paired Segmental Parietal Branches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Label A and B

A

A) Capillary Loops

B) Bowman Capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the single biggest difference in the proximal vs the distal convoluted tubule?

A

Proximal has microvili on the surface, “brush border”

*More basal mitochondria in proximal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What do we call the fat that goes inside the kidney?

A

Perirenal fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which kidney is more superior?

A

Left is more superior, right sits more inferior due to liver.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What structures are found in the renal sinus?

A

Minor Calix, Major Calix, and Renal Pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What do we call the fat that surrounds the kidney?

A

Pararenal fat

24
Q

What’s special about the juxtaglomerular cells; predominate in what arteriole; where are they found?

A
  • Modified smooth muscle cell of the afferent arteriole
  • Produce renin

- Found in the glomerulus

25
Q

How do renal transplants work?

A

1) Take kidney out of donor. -
2) Make an incision on the patient at the lateral suprapubic region, and place new kidney in the pelvis.
3) Reattach
4) Leave old kidneys there.

26
Q

Where are the kidneys located? Use the word “peritoneal” in your answer.

A

Retroperitoneal. Behind the intestines and sitting way back with peritoneum only on their anterior surface

27
Q

Label the top, middle, and bottom bunch

A

Top: Thick limbs of loop of Henle

Middle: Thin limbs of loop of Henle

Bottom: Vasa recta (RBC’s inside)

28
Q

Label the top arrow and bottm arrow

A

Top: Intercalated cell (dark stain)

Bottom: Principle cell (light stain)

29
Q

What’s found in the glomerulus?

A
  • Glomerular Capillaries
  • Mesangium
30
Q

Simplest level of the kidney and its components (2 parts)?

A

Uniferous Tubule

1) Nephron
2) Collecting (Duct) Tubule

31
Q

What is a duplicate ureter?

A

You have 2 ureters

32
Q

Label the arrow; what’s the distinguishing feature?

A

Glomerular capillaries

*Have RBC’s and fenestrated epithelial cells

33
Q

What is found in the urinary space?

A

Contains the primary filtrate

34
Q

Function of Mesangial Cells?

A
  • Specialized pericytes
  • Characteristics of smooth muscle and macrophages
  • Contractile (regulate blood flow)
  • Capable of proliferation
  • Synthesize bone matrix and collagen
  • Provide mechanical support to glomerular capillaries
  • Secrete prostaglandins and endothelins
35
Q

Label the top, middle, and bottom arrow

A

Top: Parietal layer

Middle: Urinary Space

Bottom: Visceral Layer

36
Q

What is nephroptosis?

A

A condition where the kidney is not well supported, causing the kidney to drop into the pelvis whenever the person stands up. More common in women.

37
Q

What is a perinephric abscess?

A

Blood or pus pooling in the perirenal space

38
Q

Proximal to distal, what are the structures that make up a normal nephron?

A

-Renal corpuscle which includes the Glomerulus and capsule of bowman

  • Renal tubule consisting of..
  • Proximal convoluted tubule
  • Thick descending limb
  • Loop of Henle
  • Thick ascending limb
  • Distal convoluted tubule
39
Q

What is the path of sympathetic innervation of the kidney?

A

1) Least splanchnic nerve
2) Goes down into abdomen and synapses at the AORTICORENAL ganglion.
3) Renal plexus.
4) Kidney

40
Q

What is renal cyst?

A

Space in the kidney becomes too prominent and fills up with urine, and/or pus.

41
Q

What kind of junctions found in the proximal convoluted tubule?

A

Apical Tight Junctions

42
Q

3 components of the Juxtaglomerular Apparatus?

A

1) Macula Densa
2) Extraglomerular Mesangial Cells
3) Juxtaglomerular cells
- modified smooth muscle cell of the afferent arteriole
- produce renin

43
Q

What is found inside the Renal Hilum?

A
  • Renal vein
  • Renal artery
  • Renal Pelvis
44
Q

Discuss how blood supply moves from a segmental artery into the glomerulus

A

InterLOBAR arteries branch into –> Arcuate arteries branch into –> InterLOBULAR arteries which send –> Afferent arterioles into the Glomerulus which converge to form –> EFFERENT arterioles distal to the Glomerulus

45
Q

The Peritubular capillary netwrok is associated with what part of the kidney?

A

The Cortex

46
Q

The Peritubular Capillary Network drains into?

A

InterLOBULAR veins –> Arcuate veins –> InterLOBAR veins

47
Q

The Vasa Recta drain the Efferent arterioles near?

A

The cortico-medullary junction

48
Q

The Vasa Recta descends into the ______ and forms an ascending _______?

A

Descends into the medulla and forms ascending venous capillaries with fenestrated endothelial cells

49
Q

What are Medullary Rays?

A

A group of straight tubules consisting of the ascending/descending limbs of nephrons as well as a collecting tubule/duct.

50
Q

What is the structure shown in A?

A

Medullary Ray

51
Q

Ureters are lined by what kind of epithelium and what other important structure?

A

Transitional epithelium (Urothelium) and plaques

52
Q

What is the function of the apical plaques on the Ureter?

A

Generate a thickened domain able to adjust to large changes in surface area; form a water barrier keeping urine in.

53
Q

Describe what’s shown in this picture

A

This a Ureter covered with Apical Plaques and lined with Transitional Epithelium (Urothelium)

54
Q

Podocytes are part of which layer of the glomerulus and what do they end as?

A

Part of the visceral layer and end as pedicles.

55
Q

Which part of the loop of henle is impermeable to water?

A

Ascending limb

56
Q

Principle and intercalated cells are a component of which part of kidney?

A

Collecting tubule

57
Q

Label the arrows from left to right

A

Left: Glomerulus inside renal corpuscle

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

Principle Cell

Intercalated Cell

Distal Convoluted Tubule

Renal I Midterm (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions