Lecture 1: principles of modalities Flashcards
another name for therapeutic modalities
physical agents
definition of physical agents
energy and materials applied to patient to assist in rehab
types of physical agents
heat
cold
water
pressure
sound
electromagnetic radiation
electrical currents
physical agents are primarily used to
reduce inflammation
accelerate healing
pain management
-inflammation, soft tissue, or bone injury
-unpleasant sensory and emotional experience
-modulate transmission
alter collagen extensibility
different points in history modalities were used
hot spring/steam room
-ancient greek romans
-msk/respiratory probs
-bouancy for joints
torpedo fish
-headache/gout
-45 volts
sunlight
-TB
-bone/joint disease
epsom salt
-sore/swollen
role of modalities in therapy
physical agents should be used in conjunction with other skilled therapeutic interventions not the sole intervention
according to APTA 1995
describe reimbursement for physical agents
hot/cold no longer a separate reimbursement
not always billable
why do we still learn modalities
APTA says that base entry knowledge should include use of physical agents such as cryotherapy, hydrotherapy, US, and thermotherapy as well as mechanical modalities such as compression therapies, traction, adn electrotherapeutic modalities
3 major categories of physical agents
thermal
mechanical
electromechanical
what are thermal agents
transfer energy to a pt to increase/decrease temp
i.e. icepacks, hot pack, ultrasound, whirlpool, and diathermy
what is cryotherapy
therapeutic application of cold
what is thermotherapy
therapeutic applicaiton of heat
what is ultrasound
has thermal and non thermal effects
sound frequency grater than 20000 cycles/sec
mechanical form of energy composed of alternating compression and rarefaction waves
what do mechanical agents do
apply force to increase or decrease pressure on body
i.e. water, traction, compression, sound
what is hydrotherapy
water provides resistance, hydrostatic pressure, and bouyancy for ex or can apply pressure to clean wounds
what is traction
decreases pressure between structures
what is compression
increase pressure between structures
what do electromagnetic agents do
apply energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation or electric current
variation on frequency/intensity as well as depth of penetration
i.e. UV radiation, infared radiation, laser, diathermy, and electrical current
what do lasers do
output monochromatic, coherent, directional electromagnetic radiation that is generally the frequency range of visible light
what is short wave diathermy
produces heat in both superficial and deep tissues
what is estim
use of electric current to induce muscle contraction, changes in sensation, reduce edema, or accelerate tissue healing
which domain of the ICF model do modalities directly effect
body structures and functions
direct effect here
what are the steps to consider the use of therapeutic modalities
1- goals and effects of treatment
2 - contraindications/precautions
3- evidence for physical agent use
4- cost, convenience, and availability
other considerations for modalities use
medical dx
pt hx
subjective complaints
pt goals
previous intervention
pt preference and cultural consideration
contraindications and precautions
differnece between contraindications and precautions
contra. = absolute
precautions = relative
what are clinical practice guidelines
statements that interpret research and provide evidence based guidelines to guide decisions for appropriate health care
give recommendations for diagnostic and prognostic measures for preventative or therapeutic interventions for dx
3 pillars of evidence based practice
best available evidence
pt or client values/circumstances
clinical expertise
goal for healing in relation to tissue repair
repair and restore function by eliminating pathology and replacing damaged tissue by promoting regeneration of normal tissue
PT considerations for rehab related to the healing process
what are the S&S
what physical agents are appropriate
what stage of healing (what are the timeframes/tissue type)
how can healing be modified
what are the 3 stages of healing and their time frames
inflammation = 1-6 days post injury
proliferative/fibroblastic = 3-20 days
maturation/remodeling = 9 days on