Lecture 1: Plant Structure Function And Evolution

Question 1

Phylogenetic tree

Answer 1

A diagrammatic reconstruction of the history of relationships of living organisms

Question 2

Lineage

Answer 2

A series of ancestor and descendant populations, shown as a line drawn on a time axis

Question 3

Speciation

Answer 3

When a single lineage divided into two

Question 4

Monophyletic groups

Answer 4

Clade, they contain an ancestor and all descendants of that ancestor and no other organisms

Question 5

How do we build a phylogeny

Answer 5

1) observe and compare character states
-morphology (observable physics
characteristics)
-molecular sequences (nucleotide,amino acids)

2) analyze data to develop branching
diagram

Question 6

Homologous characters

Answer 6

• shared by two or more species
• inherited from a common ancestor
• examples: DNA sequences, protein structures, anatomical structures, behavior patterns

Question 7

Synapomorphies

Answer 7

Shared derived traits

They provide evidence of the common ancestry of a group of organisms

Question 8

Taxon

Answer 8

Any group of species that we designate with a name

Question 9

3 domains of the living world

Answer 9

• bacteria: prokaryotes
• archaea: prokaryotes
• eukarya: eukaryotes

Question 10

Phylogeny

Answer 10

The evolutionary history of relations of living organisms