Lecture 1- plant physiology Flashcards

1
Q

what do plants need to grow

A

CO2

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2
Q

primary function of roots

A

aquisition of soil based resources (water and ions)

anchoring plants

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3
Q

secondary functions of roots

A

storage
synthesis of hormones
propogation

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4
Q

some stats on roots - mass %

soil volume

A

40% of mass

5% of soil volume

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5
Q

shape and depth determined by

A

genetics

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6
Q

growth and distribution governed by

A
soil moisture
.soil temp
profile
o2
toxins
nutrients
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7
Q

root tips will grow in what direction

A

positive moisture gradient

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8
Q

what do the root tips produce during water stress

A

abscissic acid

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9
Q

what does abscissic acid do and where is it produced

A

root tips, it closes the stomata

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10
Q

three purposes of stems

A

display leaves to light
transport from roots to leaves
sometimes storage of water food etc

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11
Q

purpose of flowers/fruit

A

reproduction and storage

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12
Q

write the photosynthesis equation

A

ok

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13
Q

more stomata on underside or top

A

more on underside (lower evap on bottom side so have more)

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14
Q

when do stomata open or close

A

depends on water content and humidity

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15
Q

how do stomata open and close

A

concentration of K changes (potassium ) -get flow of water into cells (opens)
out of cell (closes)

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16
Q

what is crop development, crop growth, and how does the latter occur

A

development- progress from germination to maturity

growth- increase in size- due to new cells

  • expansion of cells
  • production of assimilates
17
Q

what are the 7 development stages

A
seeding
germination
emergence
vegetative stage
reproductive phase
ripening phase
harvest
18
Q

what are the four phases to the development of a seedling

A

imbibition -absorption of water
breaking of seed coat
first root
first leaf

19
Q

what is the vegetative phase

A

green leaves+ photsynthesis= dry matter production

20
Q

what does the rate of photosynthesis depend on

A

irradiance
co2 concentration
temperature
water status

21
Q

reproductive phase

A

flowering
pollination
fruit setting
maturity

22
Q

growth rate stages

A
lag period from sowing
exponential
linear
zero
negativeq
23
Q

2 main and other influences on growth rate

A

temp
photoperiod

light c02 nutrients toxins water

24
Q

what are the ranges for base temp, optimum temo, and max temp

A

0-5 base
20-25 optimum
35-45 max

25
Q

what is the thermal period

A

amount of time T between base and max limits

26
Q

how does the photoperiod effect growth

A

photosynthesis
induction of flowering
suitability for growing outside normal zone

27
Q

draw how the rates of photosythesis changes for varying light intenisty, and vary temp (two light intensities)

A

ok

28
Q

how does c02 affect growth

A

reduction in stomatal conductance
improve water use efficiency
higher photo synth rates
increased light use efficiency

29
Q

what is defined as the rate that co2 enters the stomata

A

stomatal conductance

30
Q

what are some macro nutrients

A

C H O
N P K
ca mg S

31
Q

micro nutrients

A

fe ma cu zn B cl

32
Q

draw graph of nutrient effect on growth

A

ok

33
Q

nutrient uptake dependent on

how is absorbed

A

nutrient avalability in soil
nutrient aquisition of plant

liquid phase only

34
Q

what is the soil nutrient supply dependent on

A
soil solution concentration
soil buffer power
soil water holding capacity
soil bulk density 
soil temperature
35
Q

5 roles of water in the plant

A
photosysnthesis
control temp
structural support
transport of gases 
makes up organs
36
Q

what is crop water use broken up into

A

99%transpiration

1% tissue