Lecture 1: Physiology Overview Flashcards

Fluid components, organ systems, homeostasis, and feedback systems.

1
Q

What is physiology?

A

The study of the normal functions/state of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

To “get” physiology you have to think of the body on the level of

A

Cells; Cell biology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

About how many cells are in the human body, and what percentage of cells are Red Blood Cells versus everything else?

A

100 trillion; 25% RBC and 75% everything else

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Maintaining a constant environment on the inside while keeping it separate from the outside.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The “standard person” is ___ percent water

A

60%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the two fluid compartments of the human body?

A

Extracellular fluid (ECF) and Intracellular fluid (ICF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is extracellular fluid located?

A

Outside of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is extracellular fluid composed of?

A

150 mM Na+
5 mM K+
108 mM Cl-
pH 7.4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the two subcompartments of extracellular fluid?

A

Blood and interstitial fluid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The fluid component of the blood is called

A

Plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

This surrounds all cells not in the blood

A

Interstitial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where do the two subcompartments of the ECF, blood plasma and interstitial fluid, meet?

A

Capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Extracellular fluid makes up what fraction of the body’s water content?

A

1/3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where is intracellular fluid located?

A

Inside of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is intracellular fluid composed of?

A

150 mM K+

5 mM Na+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Intracellular fluid trades molecules with extracellular fluid via

A

Na+/K+ pumps or pores

17
Q

Intracellular fluid makes up what fraction of the body’s water content?

A

2/3

18
Q

What is the principal component of the cytosol/cytoplasm?

A

Intracellular fluid

19
Q

What are the two major types of control systems?

A

Positive and negative feedback.

20
Q

Which control system is more common?

A

Negative feedback

21
Q

What is negative feedback? Give an example

A

A change that drives a counterchange.
Example: Regulation of body temperature. When you are cold, your body shivers in order to generate heat. When you are hot, your body sweats to cool you down.

22
Q

What is positive feedback? Give an example

A

Positive feedback is a change that drives itself. It is when the product of a reaction leads to an increase in that reaction.
Example: Childbirth. Baby puts pressure on the cervix which causes contractions. Contractions lead to more pressure on the cervix. The cycle continues until the baby comes out.