Lecture 1: Pharmacology Orientation and Scope Flashcards
What does each hypertensive pharmalogical suffix mean?
- -lol
- -sin
- -pril
- -pine
- -ide
- beta blocker
- alpha blocker
- ACE inhibitor
- calcium channel blockers
- diuretic agents
What is Functional Antagonism?
2 antagonists interact with different receptors to produce opposite effects
What is Chemical Antagonism?
a drug counters the effect of another resulting in decreased effect
What is Dispositional Antagonism?
metabolism of a chemical is altered and the concentration/duration of the chemical is diminished
What is Receptor Antagonism?
receptor configuration and specificity
What are Pharmaceutical Alternatives?
same drugs having different salt/complexes, or different dosage forms/strengths
What is Therapeutic Equivalence and what are two things that are expected to be the same between the two?
drugs that are pharmaceutically-equivalent and have same THERAPEUTIC EFFECT and SAFETY PROFILE
What is Pharmaceutical Equivalence?
drugs with same ingredients, dosage form/route, and strength/concentration
- brand name vs generic form
What is the difference between A and B Codes for Therapeutic Equivalence?
A code - therapeutically equivalent to other pharmaceutically equivalent products
B code - considered NOT to be therapeutically equivalent to other pharmaceutically equivalent products
What are the following amounts for:
- tsp
- tbsp
- oz
- quart
- pint
- gallon
- 5 ml
- 15 ml (3 tsps)
- ounce (30 ml or 2 tbsp or 6 tsp)
- 946 mL (2 pints = 1 quart)
- 473 mL (16 oz = 1 pint)
- 3.79 L (4 quarts or 8 pints)
What is the Dosage Formula?
(D / H) x Q = individual dosage to be administered
D = doctors order (amount doctor prescribed) H = amount available at the pharmacy Q = form of the medication
What do these abbreviations mean:
- q.d.
- b.i.d.
- t.i.d.
- q.i.d.
- q.o.d.
- q.”x”.h.
- every day or daily
- twice daily
- three times daily
- four times daily
- every other day
- every “x” of hours
What do these abbreviations mean:
- q.a.m.
- q.p.m.
- q.h.s.
- p.r.n.
- a.c.
- p.c.
- every morning
- every evening
- every night at bedtime
- as needed
- before meals
- after meals
What do these abbreviations mean:
- o.d.
- o.s.
- o.u.
- a.d.
- a.s.
- a.u.
- gtt
- right eye
- left eye
- both eyes
- right ear
- left ear
- both ears
- drops
What do these abbreviations mean:
- p.o.
- s.l.
- i.v.
- i.m.
- s.q.
- p.r.
- NGT
- OGT
- by mouth
- sublingually (under the tongue)
- intravenously
- intramuscular
- subcutaneously
- per rectum
- Naso-Gastric Tube
- Oro-Gastric Tube