Lecture 1 (Part 2) Flashcards
Chemical level of organisation
Building blocks of the body (molecules and atoms; ie. O and H)
Cellular level of organisation
Basic structural and functional unit of the body (ie. cardiac muscle cell)
Tissue level of organisation
Groups of cells that work together to perform a particular function (ie. cardiac muscle)
Organ level of organisation
Structures with specific functions composed of two or more types of tissues
System level of organisation
consists of related organs with a common function
Function of epidermis
Covers surfaces and deeper tissues; Vit D production in stratum basale (primarily) and stratum spinosum. Avascular, no lymphatic vessels; has nerves
Function of dermis
Feeds epidermis; strength; has glands (upper papillary and lower reticular layers). Has vessels and nerves
sebaceous gland function
lubricates hair shaft and epidermis
removes waste
hair follicles function
contain hair; sensation from innervation; protection
Nails function
stiffen and protect digits
sweat gland function
thermoregulation via evaporative cooling
mammary glands are modified breast tissue
Sensory receptors function
detect sensation; touch, pressure, temperature, pain
hypodermis function
attaches skin to deeper layers
fat storage
Function of skeletal muscles (as a whole)
skeletal movement, control entrances and exits to digestive, respiratory and urinary systems, produces heat (shivering), support the skeleton, protect soft tissues
axial skeletal muscles
support and positioning of axial skeleton
function of tendons and aponeuroses
translate contractile forces intp tasks
Axial skeleton function
(skull, vertebral column, sternum, ribs, sacrum, coccyx, supporting ligaments and cartilage)
Protect brain, SC, soft tissues and thorax, protect sense organs, support body weight and lower limbs
Appendicular skeleton function
(limbs and associated ligaments and cartilage)
Internal support and positioning of external limbs, supports and enables muscles to move the axial skeleton
red bone marrow
RBC production in flat bones (skull, pelvis, sternum, ribs) decreases with age.
Yellow bone marrow
Fat cells stores in medullary cavity. Increases with age but can turn into RBM if severe bleeding
CNS function
control centre; short term control over other systems
Brain function
complex integrative activities, control both voluntary and involuntary responses
SC function
relays info to and from the brain, performs less complex integrative functions (reflex arc)
Special sense
Part of both CNS and PNs (except of optic nerve only part of CNS); provide sensory input to the brain relating to sight, hearing, smell, taste, equilibrium
