Lecture 1: Overview of Pharmacokinetics Flashcards

1
Q

what are 2 goals of pharmacotherapy?

A
  1. cure disease
  2. reduce / eliminate symptoms
  3. slow/halt progression of disease
  4. prevent disease
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2
Q

all drugs have good/bad effects, the __ is the difference between toxin and medicine

A

dose

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3
Q

another word for pharmacokinetics is drug __

A

disposition

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4
Q

what are the 4 fundamental processes of pharmacokinetics?

A
  1. absorption
  2. distribution
  3. metabolism
  4. excretion
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5
Q

what is drug absorption?

A

movement of drug from site of administration into the bloodstream

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6
Q

drugs are often metabolized in the ___ and the resulting metabolites can be excreted in the __

A

liver; bile

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7
Q

metanolites that are not excreted in the bile, can be re-distributed to the __ and excreted through the __

A

kidneys; urinary tract

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8
Q

volatile drugs can be excreted via __

A

expired air

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9
Q

what is the MEC?

A

minimum effective concentration, smallest amount needed for drug to work in the body

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10
Q

what is the onset time?

A

time the MEC is reached (when drug is expected to start working)

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11
Q

what is the MTC?

A

maximum tolerable concentration, largest amount that can be given b4 we start seeing adverse effects

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12
Q

what is the duration of activity?

A

time @ which drug concentration remains above the MEC

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13
Q

what does the duration of activity help us to determine?

A

how long a dose of a drug will work, therefore the required dosing intervals

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14
Q

how is the intensity/magnitude determined?

A

ratio of Cmax/MEC

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15
Q

a higher Cmax above MEC means there is a ___ intensity

A

greater

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16
Q

intensity is very important to what type of antibiotics?

A

amino glycoside

17
Q

plasma drug concentration ___ between doses

A

oscillates

18
Q

with multiple doses, we can see different levels of drug ___ in the body based on dosage and interval

A

accumulation

19
Q

what is Vd?

A

volume of distribution, relates to dose of drug to concentration of drug in the plasma

20
Q

Vd is important to ___ determination

A

dosing

21
Q

what is T1/2?

A

half life, time for plasma drug concentration to decrease by 50%

22
Q

half life is important for determining __

A

dosing intervals

23
Q

what is CL?

A

clearance, describes efficacy of irreversible removal of drug from plasma

24
Q

CL is important in determining ___

A

maintenance doses to target the therapeutic range

25
Q

list 3 factors affecting pharmacokinetics and drug response

A
  1. patient factors
  2. multiple drug therapy
  3. other factors
26
Q

what are patient factors that can affect pharmacokinetics?

A

sex, age, genetics, body composition, disease, smoking, diet etc

27
Q

what are multiple drug therapy factors that can affect pharmacokinetics?

A

drug interaction and compliance

28
Q

what are “other” factors that can affect pharmacokinetic?

A

route of administration, dosage form, and whether it is properly administered

29
Q

why might you want to take a drug with water?

A

the water ensures that it gets to the stomach to be absorbed in the primary site in the intestine where the water can also work as a dissolution media, helping with absorption

30
Q

why might it be important to not chew/crush certain drugs?

A

may cause degradation, break down in the stomach before it reaches the primary site of absorption

31
Q

why do children require smaller drug doses?

A

they have a smaller volume of distribution