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Pacs > Lecture 1 Overview And DIP > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Overview And DIP Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most commonly used numeral system?

A

Decimal numeral system

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2
Q

How many possible values of a digit do decimal numeral system have?

A

10
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9

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3
Q

What numeral system do computers write and read numbers?

A

Binary numeral system

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4
Q

How many possible values of a digit do binary numeral system have ?

A

2
0,1

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5
Q

What do 1k means in binary numeral system?

A

1024

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6
Q

What is the basic unit of digital data?

A

Byte (B)

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7
Q

1 byte = ? Bit

A

8 bits (b)

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8
Q

What is the range and number of bytes of an unsigned 8 bot integer (uint8)?

A

Range = 0 to 255
Byte = 1

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9
Q

What is the range and number of bytes of an unsigned 16-bit integer (uint16)?

A

Range = 0 to 65535
Bytes = 2

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10
Q

What is the range and number of bytes of a signed 8-bit integer (int8) ?

A

Range = -128 to 127
Byte = 1

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11
Q

What is the range and number of bytes of a signed 16-bit integer (int16) ?

A

Range = -32768 to 32767
Bytes = 2

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12
Q

What do the class [double] means in classes of digital data?

A

The class double means floating point number with double precision. The number of byte is 8 bytes = 64 bits.

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13
Q

What is the importance of the most significant bit of signed-bit integer?

A

In signed integer, the most significant bit carries the negative sign

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14
Q

What is the definition of discretisation?

A

The projection of real world object in continuous-space continuous-value onto an image in discrete-space discrete-value.
Discretisation is a process changing analog data into digital data.

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15
Q

By what method can analog data changes to digital data (I.e. discretisation) ?

A
  1. Spatial sampling
  2. Amplitude quantisation
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16
Q

What is the problem of discretisation of data?

A

It creates discrepancy from the original signal.

17
Q

What can be done to reduce discrepancy of the image from the original signal?

A

Increase bit depth
Improve density resolution
Increase bit per pixel

18
Q

What do number of bits per pixel determines in a digital image?

A

The number of bits per pixel determines the number of intensity levels.

19
Q

The origin of a grayscale image starts from which corner?

A

Left top corner

20
Q

What is the wavelength of visible light?

A

400-700 nm

21
Q

What is the responsibility of cones cells and rod cells respectively in visual perception?

A

Cone cells = sensitive to colour
Rod cells = sensitive to intensity

22
Q

What are the three primary colours?

A

Red green blue

23
Q

Name the two Color reproduction systems.

A

Additive and subtractive

24
Q

Mixing two primary colours gives a ________________.

A

Secondary colour

25
Q

Secondary colour is __________________ to a primary colour

A

Complementary

26
Q

What are the three secondary colours?

A

Magenta cyan and yellow

27
Q

When all primary adds together it shows ___________.

A

White

28
Q

When all primary colour light is absorbed it shows ___________.

A

Black

29
Q

What are the 4 colours in 4 colour printing?

A

CMYK
Cyan magenta yellow and black

30
Q

What is HSV cone?

A

H = hue : ring
S = saturation : radius
V = Value of brightness : diagonal

31
Q

What is the central axis of the HSV cone represents?

A

Grayscale

32
Q

How many bit in a colour pixel?

A

24 bit
(I.e. 8 x 3) (RGB)

33
Q

What are the descriptive parameters of image quality?

A
  1. Density resolution (Bit depth)
  2. Contrast
  3. Spatial resolution
  4. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)
  5. Artefacts
34
Q

What is the difference between luminance and brightness?

A

Luminance is the measure of the actual density, independent to the surroundings. unit = cd/m2

Brightness is the perceived luminance by rod cells, it is affected by the surrounding and background

35
Q

What is the definition of contrast?

A

It is the measure of differences in brightness in adjacent regions of the image

36
Q

What is the definition of spatial resolution?

A

How fine the pixels in the image
I.e pixel size (mm)

37
Q

2 Formula of signal-to-noise ratio

A

………..

Pacs (6 decks)

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