Lecture 1: Overview Flashcards
In December 2022, how many market hogs were there in the US?
67 Million
Why was there a downward slope on the production curve from 2019-2021?
Covid-19 was hard on swine production, packing plants shut down so not as many animals were processed.
Why was there a sharp decline in swine inventory between 2013 and 2014?
In the spring of 2013, PEDV (disease) hit the US and it really affected the newborn pigs. Many died, causing the numbers to drop significantly
Why is there a slight downward trend in the hog inventory right now?
Inflation, an increase in price means fewer people are buying. Supply and Demand.
What area of the country are hog numbers the greatest? Why is this?
The corn belt because that is the area of the country where corn and soybeans are grown, which are the two main ingredients in swine diets.
What are the top 5 swine producing states in the US?
1) Iowa
2) Minnesota
3) North Carolina
4) Illinois
5) Indiana
Where does Kentucky rank in regard to the number of hogs produced?
18th
Pork ranks _______ in US consumption behind _______ and __________.
third, chicken, beef
True or False: worldwide pork is the most consumed meat.
True
True or false: Ham is the #1 consumed meat in households.
True
What is the #1 consumed pork product in restaurants?
Bacon
What is the average carcass weight on a finished hog?
210 pounds
What are the top 5 countries in per capita pork consumption?
1) China
2) Belarus
3) European Union
4) South Korea
5) Vietnam
8) United States
What are the top 5 pork-producing countries?
1) China
2) European Union (Denmark and France)
3) United States
4) Brazil
5) Russia
Why did Russia start producing hogs?
Started to produce hogs because they could no longer import it due to political issues
When are pork prices the highest during the calendar year?
The summer, due to production being the lowest during the summer months (hogs do not do well with heat)
Annually the US exports __________ billion dollars of pork
8.1
How many billion pounds of pork are exported annually from the US?
6.4
Which countries are the top export markets for US pork?
China
Japan (High quality, usually from berks)
Mexico
Canada
South Korea
How long is a sow’s gestation period?
3 months, 3 weeks, 3 days (114 days)
What is the average weaning age?
22 days
What is the average weaning weight?
14 lbs
What is the average weight of pigs leaving a nursery unit?
51 lbs
Why are white pigs preferred over black in today’s market?
Hair is more easily removed from white pigs
What are the average live and carcass weights of finishing pigs in the US?
282 lbs live weight
211 lbs carcass weight
What is the family and genus of domestic hogs?
Family: sus
genus: suidae
Hogs are _________, meaning they like to form large herds
gregarious
Where were hogs first domesticated?
Southeastern Asia
What was the diet of the old wild boar?
roots
acorns
forages
eggs
animal proteins
Swine spread with the _________ empire. They used hogs as _______________ in battle.
Roman empire
War pigs (they covered them in tar and lit them on fire on their front lines during battles)
_________ ____________ first brought pigs to the America’s in 1493
Christopher Columbus (only 8 survived the journey)
__________ __________ brought the first pigs to present-day American soil. He is known as the father of the American pork industry.
Hernando De Soto
Why was pork a popular food item in early America?
Pork was stored easily (smoked and cured in a can)
Met dietary needs (high fat supply for a high caloric diet)
Which city used to be known as Porkopolis?
Cincinnati, near center of pork production, ease of shipment
Where did pork production move to post- civil war?
The corn belt
In 1860 Indiana became the #1 swine-producing state
Refrigerated rail cars facilitated this shift in production
Chicago became “America’s Hog Butcher”
Swine breeds were traditionally classified as one of two types ________ or ________ type.
Lard, bacon
Lard breeds were also known as _________
cob rollers
Compact and thick with short legs and deep bodies
Developed to be early maturing with a thick fat cover
They were known for lacking prolificacy
Describe the body type of Bacon breed hogs
Long, lean, and muscular hogs, built muscle for desirable bacon.
Yorkshire and Tamworth breeds
What did the diet of bacon-breed hogs consist of
legumes, grains, turnips, and dairy by-products
Why was there a high demand for lard in WWI?
It was used to make nitroglycerine for explosives
What pork product was used to feed troops in WWII?
SPAM by Hormel foods
What breed was brought over from Belgium to increase the leanness in commercial lines in the US?
Pietran
What are the characteristics of a Maternal Breed?
Mothering ability
Milk production
number born alive
number weaned
weaning weights
***usually white
What are the characteristics of terminal breeds?
Growth rate (ADG, feed efficiency)
Meat quality
Leanness
**Usually colored
