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ASC 408G Swine Production > Lecture 1: Overview > Flashcards

Lecture 1: Overview Flashcards

1
Q

In December 2022, how many market hogs were there in the US?

A

67 Million

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2
Q

Why was there a downward slope on the production curve from 2019-2021?

A

Covid-19 was hard on swine production, packing plants shut down so not as many animals were processed.

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3
Q

Why was there a sharp decline in swine inventory between 2013 and 2014?

A

In the spring of 2013, PEDV (disease) hit the US and it really affected the newborn pigs. Many died, causing the numbers to drop significantly

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4
Q

Why is there a slight downward trend in the hog inventory right now?

A

Inflation, an increase in price means fewer people are buying. Supply and Demand.

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5
Q

What area of the country are hog numbers the greatest? Why is this?

A

The corn belt because that is the area of the country where corn and soybeans are grown, which are the two main ingredients in swine diets.

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6
Q

What are the top 5 swine producing states in the US?

A

1) Iowa
2) Minnesota
3) North Carolina
4) Illinois
5) Indiana

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7
Q

Where does Kentucky rank in regard to the number of hogs produced?

A

18th

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8
Q

Pork ranks _______ in US consumption behind _______ and __________.

A

third, chicken, beef

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9
Q

True or False: worldwide pork is the most consumed meat.

A

True

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10
Q

True or false: Ham is the #1 consumed meat in households.

A

True

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11
Q

What is the #1 consumed pork product in restaurants?

A

Bacon

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12
Q

What is the average carcass weight on a finished hog?

A

210 pounds

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13
Q

What are the top 5 countries in per capita pork consumption?

A

1) China
2) Belarus
3) European Union
4) South Korea
5) Vietnam

8) United States

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14
Q

What are the top 5 pork-producing countries?

A

1) China
2) European Union (Denmark and France)
3) United States
4) Brazil
5) Russia

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15
Q

Why did Russia start producing hogs?

A

Started to produce hogs because they could no longer import it due to political issues

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16
Q

When are pork prices the highest during the calendar year?

A

The summer, due to production being the lowest during the summer months (hogs do not do well with heat)

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17
Q

Annually the US exports __________ billion dollars of pork

A

8.1

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18
Q

How many billion pounds of pork are exported annually from the US?

A

6.4

19
Q

Which countries are the top export markets for US pork?

A

China
Japan (High quality, usually from berks)
Mexico
Canada
South Korea

20
Q

How long is a sow’s gestation period?

A

3 months, 3 weeks, 3 days (114 days)

21
Q

What is the average weaning age?

A

22 days

22
Q

What is the average weaning weight?

A

14 lbs

23
Q

What is the average weight of pigs leaving a nursery unit?

A

51 lbs

24
Q

Why are white pigs preferred over black in today’s market?

A

Hair is more easily removed from white pigs

25
Q

What are the average live and carcass weights of finishing pigs in the US?

A

282 lbs live weight
211 lbs carcass weight

26
Q

What is the family and genus of domestic hogs?

A

Family: sus
genus: suidae

27
Q

Hogs are _________, meaning they like to form large herds

A

gregarious

28
Q

Where were hogs first domesticated?

A

Southeastern Asia

29
Q

What was the diet of the old wild boar?

A

roots
acorns
forages
eggs
animal proteins

30
Q

Swine spread with the _________ empire. They used hogs as _______________ in battle.

A

Roman empire
War pigs (they covered them in tar and lit them on fire on their front lines during battles)

31
Q

_________ ____________ first brought pigs to the America’s in 1493

A

Christopher Columbus (only 8 survived the journey)

32
Q

__________ __________ brought the first pigs to present-day American soil. He is known as the father of the American pork industry.

A

Hernando De Soto

33
Q

Why was pork a popular food item in early America?

A

Pork was stored easily (smoked and cured in a can)
Met dietary needs (high fat supply for a high caloric diet)

34
Q

Which city used to be known as Porkopolis?

A

Cincinnati, near center of pork production, ease of shipment

35
Q

Where did pork production move to post- civil war?

A

The corn belt
In 1860 Indiana became the #1 swine-producing state
Refrigerated rail cars facilitated this shift in production
Chicago became “America’s Hog Butcher”

36
Q

Swine breeds were traditionally classified as one of two types ________ or ________ type.

A

Lard, bacon

37
Q

Lard breeds were also known as _________

A

cob rollers
Compact and thick with short legs and deep bodies
Developed to be early maturing with a thick fat cover
They were known for lacking prolificacy

38
Q

Describe the body type of Bacon breed hogs

A

Long, lean, and muscular hogs, built muscle for desirable bacon.
Yorkshire and Tamworth breeds

39
Q

What did the diet of bacon-breed hogs consist of

A

legumes, grains, turnips, and dairy by-products

40
Q

Why was there a high demand for lard in WWI?

A

It was used to make nitroglycerine for explosives

41
Q

What pork product was used to feed troops in WWII?

A

SPAM by Hormel foods

42
Q

What breed was brought over from Belgium to increase the leanness in commercial lines in the US?

A

Pietran

43
Q

What are the characteristics of a Maternal Breed?

A

Mothering ability
Milk production
number born alive
number weaned
weaning weights
***usually white

44
Q

What are the characteristics of terminal breeds?

A

Growth rate (ADG, feed efficiency)
Meat quality
Leanness
**Usually colored

ASC 408G Swine Production (4 decks)

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