Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Surgery Exam 2 > Lecture 1: Osteoarthritis > Flashcards

Lecture 1: Osteoarthritis Flashcards

1
Q

T/F

The diarthrodial joint is considered an organ

A

True.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe the diarthrodial joint

A

synovial joints allow for motion and are complex

synoviocytes line the membrane

think of it as an organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does poor lubrication of the joint lead to?

A

increased friction, which results in increased wear and tear on the joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What causes joints to wear out over time?

A

trauma

disease

biochemical changes in articular cartilage

poor lubrication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 2 functions of the synovium?

A

lubrication

phagocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do synoviocytes add to the joint fluid?

A

glycosaminoglycans

hylauronon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the synovial fluid?

A

dialysate of blood- ultrafiltrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 2 functions of the synovial fluid?

A

lubrication and and nutrition of the articular cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe normal healthy joint fluid:

A

sticky, has viscosity to it

diseased is watery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the chief glycosaminoglycan? what does it contribute to the joint fluid?

A

hyaluronic acid (HA)

gives it its viscocity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Osteoarthritis can occur if HA is in low _____ and _____

A

quality and/or quantity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

T/F

Articular cartilage is highly vascualr but has no innervation

A

FALSE

it is avascualr, and has no innervation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Chondrocytes receive ____% of their nutrition from synovial fluid and ____% from subchondral bone.

A

90-93% from fluid

3-10% subchondral bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What type of collagen is present in articular cartilage?

A

TYPE II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the realtionship between HA and proteoglycans

A

HA is the protein backbone and attached to it are proteoglycans

Think of HA as the terminal and proteoglycans as the planes docked to it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define weeping lubrication:

A

occurs when cartilage is compressed, ie during movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Define boosted lubrication:

A

when fluid is sucked back into the cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Define boundary lubrication:

A

binds to superficial cartilage to help with movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

______ depletion compromises lubrication

A

proteoglycan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Define osteoarthritis:

A

non infectious degeneration of articular cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are physical changes associated with OA?

A

bone formation at synovial membrane

periarticualr fibrosis (joitn thickening

22
Q

What is OA associated with an infection referred to as?

A

Septic OA

23
Q

What are the clinical sign associated with OA

A

exercise intolerance

shortened stride

lameness/head bob or bunny hopping

behavior changes

visual/palpable joint effusion

24
Q

Humans tend to get ______ OA while animals typically get ______ OA

A

primary

secondary

25
Q

What causes secondary OA?

A

developmental and bone diseases

ligament dz- abnormal stability

articular function- inflammation causes damage

infection

trauma

surgery can too

26
Q

What is the viscous cycle of OA?

A

poor lubrication
cartilage fibrillation-> fissures
inflammation/release of ILs/Cytokines/collangenasee/elastases
Depletion of matrix proteoglycans
damage to collagen network
RESULTS in cartilage degeneration-> poor lubrication etc etc

27
Q

What is the net result of OA?

A 
articualr fibrilation
cartilage loss
subchondral sclerosis
osteophyte formation
periarticular fibrosis
synovitis
pain/loss of fx
28
Q

T/F

OA effects the entire joint but may be pronounced more so in one area

A

TRUE

29
Q

What are the radio graphic signs of OA

A

increased soft tissue opacity in the joint space

periarticualr bone formation

subchondral bone sclerosis

30
Q

T|/F

Radio graphs typically overestimate the severity of OA and therefore do not correlate clinically with function

A

FALSE

They tend to underestimate severity

31
Q

If the ______ is addressed, we can help slow OA

A

Primary problem

32
Q

Once you have diagnosed OA, what do you tell the owner?

A

We can try some tx to help make sparky more comfortable

33
Q

T/F

There is no cure for OA

A

TRUE

34
Q

T/F

Once OA starts it will continue to progress; the best we can do is address the primary problem, and try ti mitigate further damage

A

TRUE

35
Q

What are the 4 forms of medical management of OA

A

Weight management

Excercise moderation

Chondroprotectives

NSAIDS

36
Q

What is the goal of weight management? what is it based on?

A

Lean and fit

based on Lab experiments

37
Q

What are the 3 parts to exercise management?

A

controlled

low impact

rehab

38
Q

What are some examples of chondroprotectives?

A 
Glucosamine
Chondroitin sulfate
Manganese ascorbate
ASU
MSM
Omega 3 FA
39
Q

What are polysulfated glyosaminoglycans?

A

Adequan
from bovine tracheal cartilage
IM injection 2x weekly for up to 4 weeks
Not clinically shown

40
Q

Why might Hyaluronon injections be beneficial to slowing cartilage degredation

A

Leaves joint completely in 24 hours, unknown mech of action

had no effect on OA progression or loading in canine stifles

41
Q

How does injection of platelets into joint help combat OA?

A

increases cytokines and growth factors

42
Q

NSAIDS act to:

A

inhibit cyclooxygenase pathway
effect many systems
be careful of side effects

43
Q

T/F

for best results tx OA with 2 NSAIDS

A

FALSE

never more than 1

44
Q

____ days for washout between NSAID

____ days for washout for asprin

A

4-7

7-10

45
Q

At what point to you opt for surgery with OA and what is the main goal of it?

A

when medical management has failed
unlikely to have addressed primary cause

Surgery is to address primary

46
Q

T/F

cartilage healing is generally fast

A

FALSE

poor blood supply

47
Q

What is micropicking?

A

allows blood flow from subchondral bone
encourage fibrocartilage formation
blood clot/fibrocartilage fill in so bone isnt as exposed

48
Q

What is osteochondral transplant surgery?

A

large lesion

bone plug insrted into defect supports subchondral bone

49
Q

What is the single most important factor to remember when treating OA in small animals?

A

OA IS SECONDARY IN NATURE

50
Q

T/F

OA in humans, as with animals is typically secondary in nature

A

FALSE

primary in humans

51
Q

T/F

Radiographic signs of OA are fairly consistent with clinical function

A

False

NO correlation

52
Q

T/F

medical management is important for tx of OA

A

TRUE

Surgery Exam 2 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions