Lecture #1 - Motivation and Introduction in CPPS Flashcards
What is a Cyber-Physical System?
The synergy and increasing integration of three keys of innovation:
- Embedded Systems
- Networks
- Evolving software systems
wikipedia:
A computer system in which mechanism is controlled or monitored by computer-based algorithms.
Explain a CPS in a general real-world context.
A real system (plant) equipped with sensors connected to a control system interconnected with an IoT-Platform (e.g. APP, Web-Platform)
The IoT-system collected an visualises data from various systems:
- Information is being extruded by pattern search (e.g. human search of AI)
- Forecasts and predictive scenarios are created
- Decisions are taken by humans or by te control system to act on the real system.
A CPS is mainly an advanced interconnected system of systems with goal of reaching very early in the right way.
What is a digital twin?
A DT refers to a virtual replica or representation of a physical object, process, or system.
It is created using various types of data, such as sensor readings, real-time info, and historical data, to simulate and mimic behaviour, characteristics and interactions of its real-world counterparts.
DT help bridge the gap between the physical and digital worlds.
Explain what a CPS is based on the example explained in the lecture.
Let’s say you have a conveyor belt, with some sort of machine in the middle. So you have M1, P1, and M2. They are located in the plant. This is the real-world.
The counterpart is the digital twin of these machines.
Explain what an IOT platform is.
It’s the exchange of data between physical things.
What’s net-metering and why is it useful for the digital twin.
Net-metering in the context of a digital twin refers to the process of measuring and quantifying the flow of data or information between the physical system and its digital twin counterpart. It is a concept that captures the bidirectional exchange of information and synchronization between the two entities.
In a digital twin scenario, net-metering involves collecting real-time data from the physical system and using it to update and maintain the digital twin’s representation. This data can include sensor readings, operational parameters, environmental conditions, or any other relevant information.
DT needs to be detailed to the machine/person.
In a CPS, name the different ways to identify real things and why it is important.
Unique identifiers; serial number, barcode, QR code, RFID tag.
Important for standards; it allows scalability for the expansion of the CPS to accommodate new devices or entities.
Identification enables effective communication and control between the physical and cyber components of the CPS. By uniquely identifying each physical object or entity, the system can establish clear channels of communication, enabling seamless interaction and coordination between the physical and digital realms. This facilitates the exchange of data, commands, and feedback, allowing for efficient monitoring and control of the physical system.
Give the properties of a REAL THING in a CPPS
- Real THINGS must be identifiable e.g. RFID or IP-address
- Real THINGS or connected(data flow) wit other Real Things that have a relevance for its use-case, life or existence.
- Real THINGS equipped with sensors that provide data to a DT in an IoT-Environment.
A DT is limited to what?
A DT is limited to the digital model, not the twinning physical asset. Although, a DT cannot live without its twinning asset in the physical space.
A DT is a pre-requisite for what?
For the development of a CPS.
Give examples of a CPS
Smart home, traffic control systems, wearable sensors, smart cities
With an electrical machine, a gripper, explain the components of its CPS
- Sensors; communication systems
- A PLC; embedded device
- Actuators; real device
- ID; RFID or serial number
Describe the concept of Internet-of-Things.
- Real THINGS equipped with sensors and a unique identifier that are interconnected by internet communication.
- IoT refers to connections between a network of physical assets through which data can flow between themselves.
- The connections are made possible by the secure implementation of computer networks, the Internet, and communication
protocols. However, despite the connectivity, IoT does not include the idea of digital models in the cyberspace. The IoT is the
infrastructure in the physical space for connecting physical assets
Are we in a CPS?
Yes, as we all have smartphones, being recorded.
What does a Data platform do?
It stores data from the sensors and make it available to the applications.
