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Entomology > Lecture 1: Morphological Features > Flashcards

Lecture 1: Morphological Features Flashcards

1
Q

What is an insect?

A

An arthropod with 6 appendages

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2
Q

Describe the morphology of the Class Insecta

A
  • External Skeleton
  • 6 legs
    -Divided into head thorax and abdomen
    Predominately:
    Head
    -feeding and sensory
    Thorax (3 segments primitively)
    -locomotion
    • if wings present, reside here
      Abdomen (11 segments primitively)
      -visceral function (maintenance systems)
      The evolutionary trend of the abdomen is to reduce in segments
      Paired antennae
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3
Q

Describe the segmentation of the arthropod head

A 
Frons- front of the face 
Vertex- "head top"
Gena- "cheeks" 
Clypeus- fold under the frons 
Ocelii 
Mouth parts
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4
Q

What is the function of the tendorium and how does it function

A

Strengthens the head capsule

Provides surface for muscle attachment

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5
Q

Mouth parts

A

(anterior) Upper lip- labrum, attached to clypeus
(posterior) Lower lip- labrium
In between lips:
Mandibles- paired
Maxillae- paired
Hypopharynx- “tongue”

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6
Q

Give the three types of head shapes and the reason for their name

A

Hypognathous head- Eg cockroach, downward pointing mouth part
Prognathous- Eg termites, forward extending mouthparts, associated with carnivorous insects
Opisthognathous- Eg Homoptera, backwards pointing mouth partss, proboscis slides between legs

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7
Q

What is a suture and give some named examples

A

Clypeo-labral
Clypeo- frontal
Epicranial

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8
Q

Name and define the parts of the antennae

A

Scape
Pedicel
Flagellum

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9
Q

What are the parts of the thorax and the structures they bare

A 
Prothorax
   -front legs 
Mesothorax
   - front wing 
Metathorax 
   - hind wing 
   -hind legs
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10
Q

Give the parts of the insect legs

A 
Coxa- usually short 
Tranchanter 
Femur 
Tibia 
Tarsi (tarsus)- with tarsal claw---- Grasping the substrate
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11
Q

Give the parts of the insect legs

A 
Coxa- usually short 
Tranchanter 
Femur 
Tibia 
Tarsi (tarsus)- with tarsal claw> Grasping the substrate
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12
Q

What is a sclerite

A

A hard plate which forms part of the insect exoskeleton

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13
Q

What is a suture?

A

A junction between two sclerites

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14
Q

What is a conjuctiva?

A

A membranous structure which may join two sclerites

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15
Q

What is the apodeme

A

An invagination of the exoskeleton

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16
Q

What are palps

A

Jointed attachments of mouthparts which may be sensory, assist in manipulation of food or used for piercing into a food substrate

17
Q

Give the type of head associated with downward pointing mouth parts

A

Hypognathous head

Eg Grasshopper

18
Q

Describe an opisthognathous head

A

backward mouthparts

Eg Homoptera and Hemiptera

19
Q

Describe a prognathous head

A

forward mouthparts

Eg Termite soldiers

20
Q

Give the regions of the insect thorax

A

Notum- dorsal
Sternum- ventral
Pleuron- lateral

21
Q

Explain the formation of insect wings

A

They form as extensions of the insect body wall filled with haemolymph. This happens when the epithelium secretes substances forming a cuticle, this cuticle further elongates and when the dorsal and ventral surfaces join together it forms the wing. This is why the wing has blood sinuses, trachea and nerves.
During the embryonic stages, the wing is composed of all components of the body wall including the epidermal cells, when these cells die, we are left with the exoskeletal component otherwise known as the wing

22
Q

List the three main angles of viewing the insect wing

A

Humeral, anal and apex

23
Q

List the three main margins of the insect wing

A

Costal anal and apical

24
Q

Give the four types of cells of the wing and their description

A

Open- Open to the apical margin
Closed- Closed to the apical margin
Distal- Further from the costal margin
Basal- Close to the costal margin

25
Q

List the longitudinal veins of the wing

A 
C -   Costa
Sc -  Subcosta
R -    Radius
Rs -  Radial Sector
M  -   Media
Cu -  Cubitus
A -     Anal
26
Q

List the cross veins of the wing

A 
h     -humeral    	(C-Sc)
r      -radial     	(R-Rs)
s     -sectorial   	(R2-R3…)
r-m  -radio-medial    (R-M)
m    -medial    	(M1-M2) 
m-cu  -medo-cubital (M-Cu)
cu-a   -cubitl-anal   (Cu-A)
27
Q

How do you name cells?

A

By the vein which lies anterior to it

28
Q

Differentiate between the throax and abdomen

A

Tergum- not scleratized
Sternum
Pleuron- membranous

29
Q

Describe the evolutionary trend of appendages on the abdominal segment

A

Trend is to reduce/erradicate the number of abdominal appendages
Only present in primative insects have on all segments
In more advanced insects the abdominal appendages are limited to the last segment and serve reproductive purposes

30
Q

Explain the significance of external genetalia of insects

A

Used to distinguish insects which appear to be morphologically identical

31
Q

What is the function of the ovipositor

A

To create a pathway for reproduction

Entomology (4 decks)

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