Lecture 1: Mendel Flashcards
genome
complete set of genetic instructions for any organism
gene
A genetic factor that helps determine a characteristic
Allele
One of two or more alternative forms of a gene
Locus
Specific place on a chromosome occupied by an allele
Genotype
Set of alleles possessed by an individual organism
Phenotype
The appearance or manifestation of a character
Monohybrid cross
cross between 2 parents that differ phenotypically in only 1 characteristic
Mendels first law
Principle of segregation: each individual diploid organism possesses two alleles for any particular characteristic, one inherited from the maternal parent and one from the paternal parent.
The concept of dominance
when two different alleles are present in a genotype, only the phenotype encoded by one of them – the “dominant” allele-is observed
Aa x Aa, phenotype ratio offspring?, genotype ratio?
3:1, 1:2:1
Aa x aa, phenotype ratio offspring?, genotype ratio?
1:1, 1:1
Dihybrid cross
cross between two parents that differ phenotypically in two characteristics
Mendel’s second law
Principle of independent assortment, alleles at different loci separate independently from eachother
When do you use multiplication rules?
in case of 2 independent events, keyword and
When do you use addition rule?
in case of 2 mutually inclusive events, keywords : eithe, or
(p+q)n
p equals probability of one event, q equals probability of the alternative event, n equals the number of times the event occurs.
