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PHRM 1300 - Midterm > Lecture 1: Measuring Equipment > Flashcards

Lecture 1: Measuring Equipment Flashcards

1
Q

What is the selection of a balance based on?

A

Nature and amount of material to be weighed and the accuracy desired

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2
Q

What must every licensed pharmacy have?

A

A prescription balance

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3
Q

What is sensitivity represented by?

A

Sensitivity requirement

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4
Q

What is a sensitivity requirement?

A

The weight which will cause a specified change

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5
Q

What is the minimum SR for a prescription balance?

A

6 mg

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6
Q

What is the normal capacity of a prescription balance?

A

120 g

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7
Q

What can affect electronic balances?

A

1) Temperature

2) Electromagnetic fields

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8
Q

What type of location should a balance be kept in?

A

On a level solid surface that is free from vibrations, air movement, and dust

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9
Q

When must a calibration be done?

A

When the balance is moved

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10
Q

What is the weight that is depicted on an electronic balance?

A

The force that gravity exerts on a mass

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11
Q

_____ varies with altitude

A

Force of gravity

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12
Q

What are 4 rules when working with balances?

A

1) Material must never be weighed directly on pan
2) Fixed weights must never be touched with fingers
3) Care must be taken to avoid spillage and cross-contamination
4) All materials must be identified at all times

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13
Q

What is the acceptable margin of error for pharmaceutical products?

A

Plus or minus 5%

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14
Q

When would an accuracy better than plus or minus 5% be required?

A

When the therapeutic window for a drug is very small

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15
Q

What is accuracy?

A

The extent to which a measure agrees with the true value

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16
Q

What is error of measurement?

A

The measured value minus the desired value

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17
Q

What is the equation for % error?

A

sensitivity/quantity desired x 100%

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18
Q

What is the equation for lowest weighable quantity (LWQ)?

A

sensitivity/% error tolerated x 100%

19
Q

What is trituration?

A

The process of grinding a drug in a mortar and pestle in order to reduce particle size or blend powders

20
Q

What does trituration allow for?

A

Removal of an aliquot which will contain the desired quantity of drug with acceptable accuracy

21
Q

When is geometric dilution used?

A

When a small amount of material is to be mixed with a much larger amount of solid or semi-solid material

22
Q

What is geometric dilution effective at?

A

Mixing

23
Q

What are mortars and pestles commonly used for?

A

Small scale comminution

24
Q

What is comminution?

A

A mechanical process of reducing particle size

25
Q

What can mortars and pestles be made of?

A

Glass or porcelain

26
Q

When are glass mortars and pestles used?

A

Soft powders, liquid incorporation, or semi-solid like ointments

27
Q

When are porcelain mortars and pestles used?

A

For comminution of crystalline material and for primary emulsions

28
Q

What type of mortar and pestle should be used for coloured materials?

A

Glass

29
Q

What type of mortar and pestle should be used for volatile oils?

A

Glass

30
Q

When should a steel spatula NOT be used?

A

1) When materials could corrode the metal

2) When trace amounts of metal may be harmful to the product (materials which oxidize easily)

31
Q

What are spatulas primarily used for?

A

Levigation of powders prior to incorporation into semi-solids

32
Q

What is levigation?

A

A process of mixing powder with a small amount of liquid in which the powder is insoluble to make a smooth paste

33
Q

What is levigation often done with?

A

A flexible spatula on a glass slab

34
Q

What must be considered when choosing a levigating agent?

A

It must be compatible with drug and vehicle

35
Q

What are the 2 most common levigating agents?

A

Mineral oil and glycerin

36
Q

What is volumetric glassware used for?

A

Measurement of exact quantities of liquid

37
Q

Are pipettes “to deliver” or “to contain”?

A

To deliver

38
Q

Are cylindrical graduates “to deliver” or “to contain”?

A

To contain

39
Q

Are volumetric flasks “to deliver” or “to contain”?

A

To contain

40
Q

What are examples of glassware that are NOT volumetric?

A

1) Erlenmeyer flasks
2) Beakers
3) Prescription bottles

41
Q

What are pipettes used for?

A

To measure volumes smaller than 5 mL

42
Q

What should pipettes be filled with?

A

A bulb

43
Q

What are graduated cylinders used for?

A

Measuring and transferring liquids when the volume is greater than 2 mL

44
Q

What is a general rule to use when choosing devices to measure liquids?

A

The volume being measured must be at least 25% of the capacity

PHRM 1300 - Midterm (4 decks)

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