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Doctrine of Man > Lecture 1 Locating Humanity > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Locating Humanity Flashcards

1
Q

What is Anthropology?

A
  1. The study of man or the study of humans.
  2. It’s a study (or a word) about humanity.
  3. The study of humans within their social, cultural, linguistic, biological, and religious contexts.
  4. In a religious context
    1. how your belief in God informs the way in which you live, your life.
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2
Q

What is the key text for our class, Doctrine of Man?

A
  1. Genesis 1:27
    1. So God created mankind in his own image, in the image of God he created them; male and female he created them.
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3
Q

What are the fourfold states of humanity?

A
  1. Creation
  2. Fall
  3. Redemption
  4. Consummation
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4
Q

What is a great definition of what it means to be human (based on his daughter’s response)?

A
  1. Humans are animals created in the image of God.
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5
Q

What is anthropocentric vs anthroposensitive and who said this?

A
  1. Anthropocentric - put humanity at the center of the world - everything is defined in relationship to the person.
  2. Anthroposensitive - We are sensitive to the needs of humans. We understand the importance of humanity.
  3. As Christians, we must refuse “to divorce theological considerations from the practical human application. Since theological reflections are always interwoven with anthropological concerns.”
  4. Kelly Kapic - Covenant College
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6
Q

Biblical Anthropology

A
  1. Seeks to define humans in relation to themselves, others, the world, and God.
  2. The doctrine of man and the study of God is inextricably linked
  3. We are made to know, love, serve, and worship the Triune God and only in him do we discover what it means to be truly human.
  4. As Christians, our understanding of God as Creator and Redeemer governs, shapes, and informs our understanding of humanity and the world, we inhabit.
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7
Q

What 4 basic questions does biblical anthropology ask?

A
  1. Who am I?
  2. How can I know?
  3. What am I to do?
  4. And where am I going?
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8
Q

What did Augustine say in his work on the Trinity about the fullness of our happiness?

A
  1. “for the fullness of our happiness, beyond which there is none else, is this, to enjoy God, the three in whose image we were made.”
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9
Q

What is humanism

A
  1. The belief that the human person as opposed to God is at the center of life.
  2. Asserts, that religion is a product of a social-cultural experience that gives rise to human flourishing in local contexts.
  3. Says that religion is oppressive and outdated and should be expunged from modern society.
  4. What you see is all that is and then we’ve got to make the most of it.
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10
Q

“Religious humanism considers the complete realization of human personality to be the end of man’s life and seeks its development and fulfillment in the here and now. This is the explanation of the humanist’s social passion”

A
  1. The Humanist Manifesto I [1933], eighth thesis
  2. written by a Unitarian Minister by the name of Robert Braggs.
  3. One of the signatories was an American philosopher and pragmatist John Dewey.
  4. It basically says that modern people have moved on in their evolutionary understanding of religion. Religion, may be fine, religion has a place in society, but we need to redefine religion in the context of secular humanity.
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11
Q

Teology

(lecture#2)

A
  1. It means created for God
  2. We see this in Genesis 1
  3. Understanding Teology helps us in our theology proper which in turn helps us in our study of the Doctrine of Man.
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12
Q

“In place of the old attitudes involved in worship and prayer the humanist finds his religious emotions expressed in a heightened sense of personal life and in a cooperative effort to promote social well-being”

“It follows that there will be no uniquely religious emotions and attitudes of the kind hitherto associated with belief in the supernatural” (HM1, tenth thesis).

A
  1. HM1, ninth and tenth thesis
  2. Prayer helps us live better lives. As long as it’s good for others, it’s good for me.
  3. It’s a purely naturalistic view of the world.
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13
Q

What did Rudolph Boatman say about religion and the modern mind?

A
  1. He developed demythologizing view of religious experience where we remove all the supernatural components to Christianity
  2. After all as modern people, we cannot enjoy the benefits of the light bulb and actually believe in a person casting out demons.
  3. Those things in the modern mind or are incongruous. They don’t go together.
  4. There’s an old maxim that says “industrialization breeds secularization.” (he didn’t say this)
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14
Q

“In the best sense, religion may inspire dedication to the highest ethical ideals. The cultivation of moral devotion and creative imagination is an expression of genuine ‘spiritual’ experience and aspiration. We believe, however, that traditional dogmatic or authoritarian religions that place revelation, God, ritual, or creed above human needs and experience do a disservice to the human species. Any account of nature should pass the tests of scientific evidence; in our judgment, the dogmas and myths of traditional religions do not do so”

A
  1. The Humanist Manifesto II [1973], first thesis
  2. They’re suggesting that any objective standard is going to stifle the individual and is inherently oppressive no matter what.
  3. If it’s a dogma, it’s going to restrain personal liberties and therefore must be inherently bad.
  4. You see in the pre-industrial world, we had an understanding of the world that was given, and we have to conform to it. After the Industrial Revolution, you have a view of the world that places the individual at the center and all the world has to conform to him, or her or to me.
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15
Q

Two guiding principles of human anthropology

A
  1. We are created by God
  2. We are made for his worship.
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16
Q

Four Basic Questions When Defining a Biblical Perspective on Anthropology/Humanity

A
  1. The ontological question
  2. The epistemological question
  3. The ethical question
  4. The teleological question

or

  1. Who am I?
  2. How can I know?
  3. What am I to do?
  4. And where am I going?
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17
Q

What is The Ontological Question?

A
  1. From the Greek word ontos, (being)
  2. The question of being, of existence.
    1. Who Am I/
    2. You are created in the image of God
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18
Q

What is The Epistemological Question?

A
  1. Episteme - Greek noun for knowledge
  2. How can I know anything?
  3. You are created with a capacity to know God, yourself, others, and the world to the extent that God has made knowledge possible through general and special revelation.
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19
Q

What is The Ethical Question?

A
  1. Ethos - Greek for custom or character
  2. What am I to do?
  3. You are created to love God and reflect his character in a life of obedience, service, and worship.
  4. You’re going to think through an ethical grid.
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20
Q

What is The Teleological Question?

A
  1. Greek noun meaning “the end”
  2. Where am I going? Why am I? What is my purpose in life?
  3. You are made to glorify and enjoy God for all eternity.
  4. True humanity is ultimately experienced in communion with the triune God. echoing the Shorter Catechism
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21
Q

What are the 3 Contexts To Unpack the Divine Perspective on Biblical Anthropology?

A
  1. Theological Context
  2. Confessional Context
  3. Biblical Context
22
Q

“Nearly all the wisdom we possess, that is to say, true and sound wisdom consists of two parts: knowledge of God and of ourselves” (Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion, 1.1.1).

A
  1. Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion
  2. Knowledge of God is primary
  3. Knowledge of ourselves is secondary.
  4. Theology is a matter of true wisdom.
  5. This statement is really the building block of reformed anthropology.
23
Q

What is The Theological Context?

A
  1. The doctrine of man follows the doctrine of God.
  2. Knowledge of theology is essential for understanding God and us as creatures in his image.
  3. See Calvin’s quote
24
Q

“Theology is the science of living blessedly forever. Blessed life ariseth from the knowledge of God. Joh. 17.3. This is life eternal, that they know thee to be the only very God, and whom thou hast sent Christ Jesus. Isa. 53.11. By his knowledge shall my righteous servant (viz. Christ,) justify many. And therefore it ariseth likewise from the knowledge of ourselves because we know God by looking into ourselves.”

A
  1. William Perkins is an Elizabethan Puritan
  2. He is the father of modern puritanism
  3. A 16th Century theologian in England.
  4. This builds on the Calvin quote.

.

25
Q

“Theology is the doctrine or teaching [doctrina] of living to God. John 6:68, The word of eternal life; Acts 5:20, The words of this life; Rom. 6:11, Consider yourselves . . . alive to God. . . . Since the highest kind of life for a human being is
that which approaches most closely the living and life-giving God, the nature of theological life is living to God.”

A
  1. William Ames, The Marrow of Theology
  2. Student of Perkins
  3. An exile from England who went to the Netherlands and was at the Synod of Dort
  4. Calvin’s concision, then Calvin influences Perkins
    1. Perkins develops the idea.
    2. Perkins teaches Ames
    3. Ames makes it his own. But notice how there’s still similarities.
26
Q

“Theology is the doctrine of living for God through Christ.”

A
  1. Petrus van Mastricht, Theoretical-Practical Theology,
  2. Von Maastricht links together, the theoretical and the practical components of theology.
  3. Defines theology as the doctrine of living for God through Christ.
  4. This is a Christological focus
    1. If you want to know what it means to be truly human in communion with God, where you look is in the face of Jesus Christ. He embodies what it means to be human.
27
Q

Petrus van Mastricht 1 Timothy 6:2-3

A
  1. Van Mastricht expounds on 1st, Timothy 6 verses 2 & 3
  2. “Those who have believing masters must not be disrespectful on the ground that they are brothers; rather they must serve all the better since those who benefit by their good service are believers and beloved. Teach and urge these things. 3 If anyone teaches a different doctrine and does not agree with the sound[b] words of our Lord Jesus Christ and the teaching that accords with godliness
  3. As a theological discipline, biblical anthropology is best experienced in fellowship with Jesus Christ. True Humanity, conforms to the sound words of Jesus in accordance with the pattern of godliness in scripture.
28
Q

Petrus van Mastircht 3 Parts of Anthropology

A
  1. The Life of Nature
    1. acknowledges that we are, creatures made in the image of God, body and soul. That’s how God has made us.
  2. The Life of Grace
    1. Life for fallen creatures is enjoyed in union with Jesus Christ.
  3. The Life of Glory
    1. Life as it’s intended to be lived in the beatific vision when faith becomes sight. And we behold the glory of God in the face.
  4. Life before, God is never fully enjoyed apart from a saving knowledge of Jesus Christ
29
Q

The doctrine of man is based on the Creator-creature distinction.

A
  1. We live in dependence on God.
  2. The doctrine of God is the principium essendi, the principle of being.
  3. the foundation of existence is God.
  4. He is the metaphysical basis upon, which all that is exists and has its being in him. We live, we move, we have our being
30
Q

The doctrine of God is the principium essendi

A
  1. The foundation of existence
  2. the principle of being
  3. the foundation of existence is God
  4. We live, we move, we have our being
  5. How do we know? - that leads to the Doctrine of Revelation
31
Q

The doctrine of Revelation

A
  1. The doctrine of Revelation has two parts
    1. The principium cognoscendi internum/
    2. principium cognoscendi externum
  2. Principium cognoscendi,
    1. the principle of knowledge of the foundation of knowledge.
    2. Principium cognoscendi internum
      1. The internal source of knowledge here is the Holy Spirit.
      2. The internal principium, is the subjective element of the spirit of God Illuminating our minds and hearts to understand what he’s inspired in the text.
    3. Principium cognoscendi externum
      1. The external is what we call general revelation and special revelation.
      2. God’s General Revelation that can be seen in Providence, in history, in the laws of nature and even the conscience.
      3. And then special revelation is the revelation of God in scripture.
      4. At the end of the day as fallen creatures, we look ultimately to scripture for a saving knowledge of Jesus Christ.
32
Q

Archetypal/Ectypal Theology

A
  1. theologia archetypa - Archetypal theology
    1. Arche -pattern or the first of something.
    2. tupos is the pattern or the type of something
    3. God’s knowledge is archetypal knowledge
    4. God’s knowledge of God is like he is. It is infinite, independent, impeccable, and incomprehensible. God does not have to phone a friend to figure out something. God knows all things in himself as God. He is infinite and perfect knowledge of all things. He himself is God, archetypal knowledge, God is the ultimate theologian. His knowledge of himself, and all things is the basis of all knowledge.
  2. theologia ectypa
    1. Ect is a preposition “out”
    2. Tupos is “pattern”
    3. Ectypa knowledge
    4. This is knowledge out of the pattern or type. So this is derivative knowledge.
    5. The knowledge we have. Our knowledge of God in ourselves and the world. Our knowledge is like we are, it’s finite, dependent, incomplete, and limited - I cannot know everything there is about anything. I depend on others. I depend on my family and friends and experts. I get weary. I get worn out. II get tired. And my knowledge of anything is going to be inherently limited. Its ectypal, its derivative knowledge.
33
Q

Within the realm of God’s creatures, there have layers of ectypal theology.

A
  1. Theology of angels (theologia angelorum)
  2. Theology of the blessed (theologia beatorum)
  3. Theology of union (theologia unionis)
  4. Theology of pilgrims (theologia viatorum)
34
Q

Theology of the angels

A
  1. angels have a limited knowledge of God. They too are finite and Angels depend on God, for knowledge of him. That’s why they’re Messengers and God gives them information and they act accordingly. They’re limited in their capacity to know God
35
Q

Theology of the blessed

A
  1. the Theology of those who are in the presence of the Lord. Think of those who have died and gone home to Glory.
  2. The Theology of the Blessed is a theology of sight.
36
Q

Theology of Union

A
  1. The knowledge that Christ has in his hypostatic union as the Incarnate Son of God. As the Incarnate Lord, there are things that Jesus does not know because as a man, he is limited in knowledge and that’s why he becomes our mediator, our representative. So we can talk about the knowledge of the Incarnate Christ as a Theology of Union.
37
Q

Theology of pilgrims

A
  1. the theology that you and I have. It’s the theology that is derived by faith.
  2. The Theology of pilgrims is a theology by faith.
  3. Think of Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress, it’s the knowledge we acquire as we live this life, this side of Glory from this world to the next. It’s the knowledge you have at RBC
38
Q

“The secret things belong to God. But the things revealed belong to us and to our children.”

A

Deuteronomy 29:29

  1. says the secret things belong to God. Archetype.
  2. “…But the things revealed belong to us and to our children.” Ectype.
  3. Deuteronomy. 29:29 is the biblical basis for archetype/echtype theology.
39
Q

The doctrine of man is the theater in which the drama of theology develops

A
  1. So doctrine of God, then you have the doctrine of humanity and then you work out from there, the other topics of theology.
  2. Christology
    1. we find the doctrine of man explaining our plight. And it sets the stage for the person work of Jesus. You can’t understand what Jesus comes to do if you don’t have a Biblical understanding of humanity, you can’t understand the Savior, unless you realize what you’re being saved from. So the doctrine of humanity, sets the stage for the person and work of Christ.
  3. Soteriology
    1. In soteriology, the doctrine of man establishes the need for the work of the holy spirit in Salvation. I am Fallen. I am dead and I need God to know anything. I need the spirit to resurrect me and replace my heart of stone with a heart of Flesh that I might trust in Jesus, as he’s given to me in the gospel. So the doctrine of man establishes, the need of salvation. The doctrine of man also clarifies our need for Fellowship, accountability, pastoral care and worship.
  4. Ecclesiology
    1. Ecclesiology is the application of the doctrine of humanity to the redeem society to the communion of the Saints.
  5. Eschatology
    1. In eschatology, the doctrine of man and forms our longing for eternity. We’re created longing for something more. And eschatology speaks to that deep longing.
40
Q

“that biblical anthropology covers man’s origin nature, primitive, state, probation, and apostasy.”

A
  1. Said by the premier American Presbyterian, Theologian Charles Hodge
  2. And I might also add to it destiny.
  3. building on Hodge, we can say a Biblical anthropology covers man’s origin, nature, primitive state, probation, apostasy, and Destiny.
41
Q

The confessional context.

A
  1. You have the creation of man in chapter 4 of the confession.
  2. the fall of Man in chapter 6 of the confession.
  3. the Covenant with man in Chapter 7.
  4. The westminster confession is going to inform our understanding of creation, fall, and covenant, theology.
  5. They will very much inform the way we build out this class and I’ll come back to them throughout this course.
42
Q

“After God had made all other creatures, he created man, male and
female, with reasonable and immortal souls, endued with knowledge,
righteousness, and true holiness, after his own image; having the law of
God written in their hearts, and power to fulfill it: and yet under a
possibility of transgressing, being left to the liberty of their own will,
which was subject unto change. Beside this law written in their hearts,
they received a command, not to eat of the tree of the knowledge of good
and evil; which while they kept, they were happy in their communion with

God, and had dominion over the creatures.”

Westminster Confession of Faith, 4.2

A

the creation of man

43
Q

“Our first parents, being seduced by the subtlety and temptation of
Satan, sinned, in eating the forbidden fruit. This their sin, God was
pleased, according to his wise and holy counsel, to permit, having
purposed to order it to his own glory. . . . Every sin, both original and
actual, being a transgression of the righteous law of God, and
contrary thereunto, doth, in its own nature, bring guilt upon the
sinner, whereby he is bound over to the wrath of God, and curse of the
law, and so made subject to death, with all miseries spiritual,

temporal, and eternal.”

Westminster Confession of Faith, 6.1; 6.6

A

the fall of man

44
Q

“The distance between God and the creature is so great,
that although reasonable creatures do owe obedience unto
him as their Creator, yet they could never have any fruition
of him as their blessedness and reward, but by some
voluntary condescension on God’s part, which he hath
been pleased to express by way of covenant.”

Westminster Confession of Faith, 7.1

A

God’s Covenant with Man

45
Q

The Biblical Context

A
  1. The central text for Biblical anthropology is the opening chapters of Genesis.
  2. The biblical-theological themes set forth in Genesis 1 to 3 in particular, establish the foundation of our understanding of the entire Bible
  3. Without a proper understanding of how the Bible begins. We cannot understand how the Bible develops and ends.
  4. Genesis 1 - 3, provides us with the basic theological building blocks for developing a theological anthropology.
  5. In these chapters, we learned the basis for belief in God, man, the world, culture, wor,k worship, marriage, sex, sin, redemption and so on. All are embedded in the soil of the Garden of Eden.
46
Q

“For our knowledge of man’s origin, we are mainly dependent upon the first two chapters of Genesis”

A
  1. John Murray, late professor at Westminster Seminary, The Origin of Man,”
  2. I would say the first three.
  3. Bahvink, “humanity is the crowning culmination of creation.”
47
Q

The danger of intellectualism.

A
  1. The fallacy of all head and no heart.
  2. When we argue that theology, is the study of God. We risk making theology a merely speculative enterprise. And we fail to take into consideration the needs of men.
48
Q

The danger of anti-intellectualism

A
  1. The fallacy of all heart and no head
  2. You only pay attention to felt needs without reference to God.
49
Q

Design of theology

A
  1. We understand as humans, we are called to know serve and love God.
  2. To know God is ultimately found in scripture.
  3. To serve God is the joy of every Christian.
  4. To love God is ultimately the goal of human life where we do not love God, for our sakes but we love God for his.
  5. John Owen.

Theology is “the doctrine of God with regard to himself, his work, his will, his worship, as well as our required obedience, our future rewards and punishments, all as revealed by God himself to the glory of his name. This is the Word of God⎯this is theology!” (John Owen, Biblical Theology, pp. 16–17; cf. Theologoumena, 1.3.3 in Works, 17:37).

50
Q

Theology is “the doctrine of God with regard to himself, his work, his will, his worship, as well as our required obedience, our future rewards and punishments, all as revealed by God himself to the glory of his name. This is the Word of God⎯this is theology!” (John Owen, Biblical Theology, pp. 16–17; cf. Theologoumena, 1.3.3 in Works, 17:37).

A
  1. John Owen
  2. Biblical Theology
51
Q

What is the translation of Anthropology?

A
  1. anthropos + logos
    1. Greek anthropos - from man
    2. Greek logos - word/logic/rationale
52
Q

principium essendi, the principle of being

A

principium essendi, the principle of being

Doctrine of Man (8 decks)

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