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Gross Anatomy - Limbs > Lecture 1 & Lab 29 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 & Lab 29 Flashcards

1
Q

3 Significant transition areas in upper limb?

A
  1. Axilia
  2. Cubital Fossa
  3. Carpal Tunnel
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2
Q

Axilla

  • Boundaries
  • Contents
A

Formed by muscles & bones of shoulder & lateral surface of thoracic wall, apex opens to lower neck, floor is skin of armpit

All major structures pass though the axlia

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3
Q

Cubital Fossa

  • Boundaries
  • Contents
A

Triangle shaped depression formed by muscles anterior to elbow joint

Brachial A. & Median N.

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4
Q

Carpal Tunnel

  • Boundaries
  • Contents
A

Gateway to palm & hand, carpal bones form p/l/m walls, flexor retinaculum forms anterior wall

Median N. & all long flexor tendons (forearm to digits)

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5
Q

Glenohumeral Joint

A 
Extends hand (sliding = protract/retract, rotating scapula)
Allows arm to move around 3 axes, wide ROM
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6
Q

Medial Rotation (Example)

A

Internal rotation, Hand open like serving a tray (elbow bent)

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7
Q

Lateral Rotation (Example)

A

External rotation, Hand open to side with bent elbow ā€œLā€

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8
Q

Hand Pronation

  • Example
  • Unique location
A

Palm posteror position, cross distal end of radius over ulna

Unique to forearm movement

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9
Q

Hand Supination

A

Palm Anterior, return hand to anatomical position, bones NOT crossed

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10
Q

Flexion

A

Movement that decreases the angle between two body parts

Ex: decreasing angle between ulna and humerus

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11
Q

Extension

A

Movement that increases the angle between two body parts

Ex: increasing angle between ulna and humerus

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12
Q

Elbow joint type

A

Hinge, Synovial

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13
Q

Thumb joint type (Metacarpal I)

A

Saddle (biaxial), increases ROM

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14
Q

Metacarpophalangeal joint type

A

Condylar (biaxial, +/-/flex/ext/circum)

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15
Q

Interphalangeal joint type

A

Hinge (flexion & extension only)

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16
Q

Muscles attaching should to trunk

A
  1. Trapezius
  2. Levator Scapulae
  3. Rhomboids
17
Q

Muscles attaching clavicle to scapula

A
  1. Pectoralis Major
  2. Pectoralis Minor
  3. Latissimus Dorsi
  4. Teres Major
  5. Deltoid
18
Q

Rotator Cuff Muscles (attaching scapula to humerus)

A
  1. Subscapularis
  2. Supraspinatus
  3. Infraspinatus
  4. Teres Minor
19
Q

Anterior (flexor) /Posterior (extensor) compartment separation

[Drake 693]

A

Humerus, Medial & Lateral intermuscular septa (continuous with dee fascia enclosing arm, attaches to side of humerus)

20
Q

Forearm: Anterior/Posterior compartment separation

A

Lateral intermuscular septum, Radius, Ulna, Interosseous Membrane (joins R + U adjacent sides)

21
Q

What allows thumb to move freely?

A
  • Saddle joint
  • NOT connected to other metacarpals by strong ligaments
  • Thenar Eminence (3 muscle mound) over palmar aspect of thumb only
22
Q

Axillary Inlet

  • Boundaries
  • Contents

[Drake 685]

A

Boundaries:

  • Rib 1 (Lateral Margin)
  • Clavicle (Posterior Surface)
  • Scapula (Superior Margin)
  • Coracoid Process of Scapula (Medial Surface)

Contents:

  • Axillary A. & V.
  • Brachial Plexus (Cervical Nerves)
23
Q

Upper Limb: Innervation

A

Brachial Plexus (anterior rami of cervical spinal n. C5-8, T1)

24
Q

Upper Limb: Dermatome Testing

  • C5
  • C6
  • C7
  • C8
  • T1

[Drake 697]

A 
C5 - Upper Lateral Arm
C6 - Pad of Thumb
C7 - Pad of Index Finger
C8 - Pad of Pinky Finger
T1 - Medial Elbow Skin
25
Q

Upper Limb: Myotome Testing

  • C5
  • C6
  • C7
  • C8
  • T1

[Drake 697]

A

C5 - Abduction of Glenohumeral joint (arm out to T)
C6 - Forearm flexion
C7 - Forearm extension
C8 - Finger flexion
T1 - Abduction/Adduction of index/middle/ring

26
Q

Upper Limb: Tendon Reflex Testing

*Unconscious patient

A 
C5 - 
C6 - Biceps tendon (cubital fossa)
C7 - Triceps tendon (posterior to elbow)
C8 - 
T1 -
27
Q

Musculocutaneous Nerve

A

(C5-C7) All anterior compartment muscles in arm

Somatic Sensory - anterolateral forearm skin

28
Q

Median Nerve

  • Levels/Innervation
  • Somatic Sensory
  • Damage/CC
A

(C6-C8, T1)

  • Most forearm flexors (EXCEPT Flexor Carpi Ulnaris & Medial half of Flexor Digitorum in finger = Ulnar N.)
  • Thenar hand muscles

Somatic Sensory - palmar surface of lateral 3 and 1/2 digits,

Damage - Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (compression on floor of retinaculum)

29
Q

Radial Nerve

  • Levels/Innervation
  • Somatic Sensory
  • Damage/CC
A

(C5-C8, T1) All posterior compartment muscles in arm/forearm; runs in radial groove (between M/L heads of Triceps Brachii m. & Profunda Brachii A.)

Somatic Sensory - skin on posterior surface of forearm, dorsal lateral surface of hand

Damage - Humerus Fracture (n. stretch/transection), Wrist Drop (denervation of extensor muscles); dorsal hand sensory change

30
Q

Ulnar Nerve

  • Levels/Innervation
  • Somatic Sensory
A

(C[7], C8, T1)

  • Most intrinsic muscles in hand (EXCEPT Thenar Muscles & Lateral Lumbrical Muscles = Median N.)
  • Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
  • Medial half of Flexor Digitorum Profundus in forearm

Somatic Sensory - medial 1 and 1/2 digits

31
Q

Upper Limb: Somatic Sensation / Peripheral Lesion Testing

  • Musculotaneous N.
  • Medial N.
  • Radial N.
A

Musculotaneous N. - anterolateral forearm skin
Medial N. - palmar surface of lateral 3 and 1/2 digits,
Ulnar N. - medial 1 and 1/2 digits
Radial N. - skin on posterior surface of forearm, dorsal lateral surface of hand

32
Q

Axillary N.

  • Location
  • Innervation

[Drake 699]

A
  • Passes posterior to surgical (upper) neck of Humerus

- Deltoid M. (humerus abductor)

33
Q

Radial N.

  • Location
  • Innervation

[Drake 699]

A
  • Passes diagonally around posterior surface of humerus midline in Radial Groove
  • All Extensor muscles
34
Q

Ulnar N.

  • Location
  • Innervation

[Drake 699]

A
  • Passes posterior to Medial Epicondyle

- To Hand

35
Q

Upper Limb Superficial Veins

A

Embedded within fascia

  1. Cephalic V.
  2. Basilic V.
  3. Median Cubital V.
36
Q

Cephalic V.

A

O - snuff box (base of thumb), Dorsal Venous Network of hand

Courses laterally to anterolateral surface, through Clavipectoral/Deltopectoral Triangle

*PENETRATES deep fascia just inferior to clavicle to enter axilla

37
Q

Basilic V.

A

O - Medial Dorsal Venous Network of hand

Courses up posteromedial surface (inferior to elbow)

*PENETRATES deep fascia midway up the arm

38
Q

Median Cubital V.

A

Connects Cephalic v. & Basilic v.; Crosses at roof of cubital fossa

Gross Anatomy - Limbs (1 decks)

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