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PS115 Revision > Lecture 1 - Key Terms > Flashcards

Lecture 1 - Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Which term describes the properties of something that can change/take on different values?

A

Variables

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2
Q

Which term describes the properties of something that can only take the same value?

A

Constants

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3
Q

What is the name given to a complete set of scores?

A

Population

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4
Q

What is the name given to scores from a subset of the population?

A

Sample

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5
Q

Which number summarises the entire set of scores in a population?

A

Parameter

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6
Q

Which number summarises the scores in a sample?

A

Statistic

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7
Q

Which type of statistics describe data using numerical or graphical techniques?

A

Descriptive Statistics

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8
Q

Which type of statistics allow us to evaluate evidence for a hypothesis and draw conclusions about a population based on an analysis of a sample?

A

Inferential Statistics

we use statistics to infer parameters

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9
Q

A table that shows every score collected in a sample and the number of times each score occurred is known as a what?

A

Frequency Distribution

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10
Q

Bar plots with data presented in “bins” or “intervals” are known as what?

A

Histograms

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11
Q

A distribution with one major peak is called…

A

Unimodal

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12
Q

A distribution with two major peaks is called…

A

Bimodal

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13
Q

A distribution with multiple major peaks is called…

A

Multimodal

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14
Q

The shape of a normally distributed set of scores is described as being…

A

Approximately symmetrical

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15
Q

The shape of a distribution with a tail to the left is described as being…

A

Negatively skewed

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16
Q

The shape of a distribution with a tail to the right is described as being…

A

Positively skewed

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17
Q

An individual value for a variable is called a…

A

Score

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18
Q

Quantitative data (values/scores on a numerical scale) is known as…

A

Measurement data

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19
Q

Frequency or count data (the number of things in a class/category) is known as…

A

Categorical data

20
Q

What are the 4 levels of measurement?

A

Nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio

21
Q

Which level of measurement would be used to measure gender?

A

Nominal

22
Q

Which level of measurement would be used to measure reaction time?

A

Ratio

23
Q

Which level of measurement would be used to measure temperature?

A

Interval

24
Q

Which level of measurement would be used to measure rank?

A

Ordinal

25
Q

Which level of measurement would be used to measure age?

A

Ratio

26
Q

Which level of measurement would be used to measure weight?

A

Ratio

27
Q

Which level of measurement would be used to measure height?

A

Ratio

28
Q

Which level of measurement would be used to measure sell-by date?

A

Interval

29
Q

Which level of measurement would be used to collect data about ethnicity?

A

Nominal

30
Q

Which level of measurement would be used to record answers to a questionnaire that are either ‘Yes’ or ‘No’?

A

Nominal

31
Q

Which 2 levels of measurement can be classed as Categorical Data?

A

Nominal and (sometimes) Ordinal

32
Q

Which 3 levels of measurement are classed as Measurement Data?

A

Interval, Ratio and (sometimes) Ordinal

33
Q

Data that have a fixed set of possible values are called…

A

Discrete data

34
Q

Data with scores that can have any value between the highest-lowest possible scores are called…

A

Continuous data

35
Q

Which levels of measurement can be discrete data?

A

Any. Nominal, Ordinal, Interval and Ratio

36
Q

Which levels of measurement can be continuous data?

A

Interval and Ratio

37
Q

When can an interval measurement be classed as a ratio measurement?

A

When there is a naturally occurring true zero

38
Q

Which word refers to the rules and procedures that reduce large masses of data to manageable proportions and allow us to draw conclusions from those data?

A

Statistics

39
Q

What is the name given to the result of an arithmetical or algebraic manipulation of data in a sample?

A

A Statistic

40
Q

Why is it important to aim to collect data from a truly random sample of a population?

A

Because a random sample is a more accurate reflection of a population than a sample of convenience.

41
Q

What are some important ways in which the field of statistics has changed over time?

A

A movement towards:

  • the meaningfulness of a result
  • combining the results of multiple studies
  • computer-based calculations
42
Q

Our ability to draw meaningful conclusions based on a sample statistic depends, in part, on the _______ of our sample.

A

variability

43
Q

In an ideal situation, our sample should be a _______ sample from some population.

A

random

44
Q

A random sample is one in which ____________.

A

every member of a population has an equal chance to be included

45
Q

Lists three things that partly determine the specific analysis that we will use to analyse a data set.

A
  1. Data type
  2. Number of groups/variables
  3. Differences vs Relationships
46
Q

A scheme for distinguishing and choosing among statistical procedures is called a ______________.

A

Decision tree

PS115 Revision (7 decks)

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