Lecture 1 - Key Terms

Question 1

Which term describes the properties of something that can change/take on different values?

Answer 1

Variables

Question 2

Which term describes the properties of something that can only take the same value?

Answer 2

Constants

Question 3

What is the name given to a complete set of scores?

Answer 3

Population

Question 4

What is the name given to scores from a subset of the population?

Answer 4

Sample

Question 5

Which number summarises the entire set of scores in a population?

Answer 5

Parameter

Question 6

Which number summarises the scores in a sample?

Answer 6

Statistic

Question 7

Which type of statistics describe data using numerical or graphical techniques?

Answer 7

Descriptive Statistics

Question 8

Which type of statistics allow us to evaluate evidence for a hypothesis and draw conclusions about a population based on an analysis of a sample?

Answer 8

Inferential Statistics

we use statistics to infer parameters

Question 9

A table that shows every score collected in a sample and the number of times each score occurred is known as a what?

Answer 9

Frequency Distribution

Question 10

Bar plots with data presented in “bins” or “intervals” are known as what?

Answer 10

Histograms

Question 11

A distribution with one major peak is called…

Answer 11

Unimodal

Question 12

A distribution with two major peaks is called…

Answer 12

Bimodal

Question 13

A distribution with multiple major peaks is called…

Answer 13

Multimodal

Question 14

The shape of a normally distributed set of scores is described as being…

Answer 14

Approximately symmetrical

Question 15

The shape of a distribution with a tail to the left is described as being…

Answer 15

Negatively skewed

Question 16

The shape of a distribution with a tail to the right is described as being…

Answer 16

Positively skewed

Question 17

An individual value for a variable is called a…

Answer 17

Score

Question 18

Quantitative data (values/scores on a numerical scale) is known as…

Answer 18

Measurement data

Question 19

Frequency or count data (the number of things in a class/category) is known as…

Answer 19

Categorical data

Question 20

What are the 4 levels of measurement?

Answer 20

Nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio

Question 21

Which level of measurement would be used to measure gender?

Answer 21

Nominal

Question 22

Which level of measurement would be used to measure reaction time?

Answer 22

Ratio

Question 23

Which level of measurement would be used to measure temperature?

Answer 23

Interval

Question 24

Which level of measurement would be used to measure rank?

Answer 24

Ordinal

Question 25

Which level of measurement would be used to measure age?

Answer 25

Ratio

Question 26

Which level of measurement would be used to measure weight?

Answer 26

Ratio

Question 27

Which level of measurement would be used to measure height?

Answer 27

Ratio

Question 28

Which level of measurement would be used to measure sell-by date?

Answer 28

Interval

Question 29

Which level of measurement would be used to collect data about ethnicity?

Answer 29

Nominal

Question 30

Which level of measurement would be used to record answers to a questionnaire that are either 'Yes' or 'No'?

Answer 30

Nominal

Question 31

Which 2 levels of measurement can be classed as Categorical Data?

Answer 31

Nominal and (sometimes) Ordinal

Question 32

Which 3 levels of measurement are classed as Measurement Data?

Answer 32

Interval, Ratio and (sometimes) Ordinal

Question 33

Data that have a fixed set of possible values are called...

Answer 33

Discrete data

Question 34

Data with scores that can have any value between the highest-lowest possible scores are called...

Answer 34

Continuous data

Question 35

Which levels of measurement can be discrete data?

Answer 35

Any. Nominal, Ordinal, Interval and Ratio

Question 36

Which levels of measurement can be continuous data?

Answer 36

Interval and Ratio

Question 37

When can an interval measurement be classed as a ratio measurement?

Answer 37

When there is a naturally occurring true zero

Question 38

Which word refers to the rules and procedures that reduce large masses of data to manageable proportions and allow us to draw conclusions from those data?

Answer 38

Statistics

Question 39

What is the name given to the result of an arithmetical or algebraic manipulation of data in a sample?

Answer 39

A Statistic

Question 40

Why is it important to aim to collect data from a truly random sample of a population?

Answer 40

Because a random sample is a more accurate reflection of a population than a sample of convenience.

Question 41

What are some important ways in which the field of statistics has changed over time?

Answer 41

A movement towards: - the meaningfulness of a result - combining the results of multiple studies - computer-based calculations

Question 42

Our ability to draw meaningful conclusions based on a sample statistic depends, in part, on the _______ of our sample.

Answer 42

variability

Question 43

In an ideal situation, our sample should be a _______ sample from some population.

Answer 43

random

Question 44

A random sample is one in which ____________.

Answer 44

every member of a population has an equal chance to be included

Question 45

Lists three things that partly determine the specific analysis that we will use to analyse a data set.

Answer 45

1. Data type 2. Number of groups/variables 3. Differences vs Relationships

Question 46

A scheme for distinguishing and choosing among statistical procedures is called a ______________.

Answer 46

Decision tree