Lecture 1 Key Terms Flashcards
What makes lesions white?
- Thicker Surface (more keratinized tissue on epithelial surface)
- Thicker Epithelium (increase thickness of the prickle layer)
- Edematous cells
examples include pseudomembranous candidiasis (wipeable), leukoedema, leukoplakias with dysplastic changes, or lichen planus
What makes a lesion red?
- Thin epithelium (epithelial atrophy)
2. Increase in the submucosal blood vessels (hemangioma)
Features of an intra-oral soft tissue lesion
- Color
- Relationship to surrounding mucosa
- Number/Pattern/Location/Distribution
What is an oral ulcer?
Look for surface topography: may be subtle b/c ulcers can be superficial
Ulcers (especially chronic ulcers) are typically tan in color because of the fibrin pseudomembrane
Define: Papule
solid elevated lesion measuring <5 mm diameter
ex. Lymphoepithelial cyst
Define: Nodule
solid elevated lesion measuring >5mm but <2cms diameter
ex. Irritation fibroma
Define: Tumor
solid elevated lesion measuring >2cm diameter
Define: Plaque
solid elevated lesion measuring >5mm diameter and is almost flat
ex. Leukoplakia
Define: Vesicle
fluid filled elevated lesion measuring <5mm diameter
ex. Herpes Labialis
Define: Bulla
fluid filled elevated lesion measuring >5mm diameter
ex. MMP
Define: Pustule
fluid filled elevated lesion measuring 5mm diameter and contains pus
Annular
ring-like
Atrophic
reduction in thickness
Bosselated
covered with small bosses (protuberances) on the surface
Corrugated
like folded construction paper (think of a SUN-CHIP)
Crusted
dried and flaky
Desquamative
sloughing of the epithelium
Edematous
swollen
Erosive
partial loss of epithelium
Erythematous
red
Fissured
grooved
Fluctuant
In regards to palpation, feeling like it is filled with pus
Fixed
In regards to palpation, difficult to move; feels stuck to something. THINK LYMPH NODES
Granular
rough/grainy
Hairy
hair-like projections
Homogenous
same color throughout lesion
Indurated
In regards to palpation, feels firm or hard
Macerated
frayed appearance
Melanotic
dark brown/black pigmentation
Necrotic
implies dead tissue
Papillary
finger-like projections
Pebbled
bumpy
Pedunculated
has a stalk
Punctate
point-like
Reticular
lacy or net-like
Serpiginous
wavy or snake-like
Sessile
attached by wide base
Speckled
mixed color/red&white
Spongy
compressible
Telangectatic
vascular dilatations
Verrucous
wart-like
Sensitivity
(also called the true positive rate) measures the proportion of positives that are correctly identified as such (eg the percentage of people
with oral cancer/precancer who are correctly identified by the test as having
these diseases)
True Positive results (TP) divided by true positive plus false negative results (FN)
TP/(TP+FN)
Specificity
(also called the true negative rate) measures the proportion of negatives that are correctly identified as such (e.g., the percentage of healthy
people who are correctly identified as not having these diseases)
True Negative results (TN) divided by true negative plus false positive results (FP)
TN/(TN+FP)
Light based adjuncts sensitivity results
Sensitivity 0.90
Meaning…the test rendered a positive result for 90% of
those who were diagnosed by histopathology (gold standard) to have the disease (ie any grade of dysplasia or squamous cell carcinoma).
False negative rate was 10% meaning the light-based adjunct is negative yet the histopathology is positive and you just told your patient they’re fine when they actually have disease
Light based adjuncts specificity results
Specificity = 0.52
Meaning… the test rendered a negative result for 52% of those who were diagnosed by histopathology (gold standard) to not have the disease (ie neither dysplasia nor squamous cell carcinoma).
The False Positive rate was 48% meaning that that you tell the patient the test was positive but in reality they don’t have the disease
