Lecture 1: Introductory Concepts Flashcards
Nuclear DNA makes up ____% of all DNA, it has _______ base pairs and is organised into __________.
99.999% of DNA
3 x 10^9 bp
Organised into Chromosomes
The long arm of a chromosome is signified as __ and the short arm is signified as __.
Long = q Short = p
Mitochondrial DNA makes up ___% of all DNA, it has ______ base pairs and is organised into ________ with no _______.
0.0001%
16.5k bp
37 genes with no introns
What do the genes in the mitochondrial DNA code for?
13 Polypetides for the respiratory chain (ETC)
22 tRNAs
2 rRNAs
What is the function of “Junk” DNA?
Helps with packing and folding of DNA
Why does RNA have a short lifespan in the cytoplasm?
Lots of RNAases are present
What is a UTR?
Untranslated Region
What are micro-satellites?
Short sequences 1-15bp long that repeat in tandem 2-50 times that are prone to expansion and contraction during DNA replication
Non-coding RNAs function in _______________________
Assisting RNA move through the cell and perform their function
What is a Pseudogene?
Sequences related coding or non-coding sequence that has since mutated and lost it’s function
Multiple Genes can ________________ directions and even _________.
Run in opposite directions and even overlap
Genes can be found in the ________ of other genes.
Introns
No. of introns = ____________.
No. of exons - 1
All Genes have:
- Promoter region– RNA pol binding site, Transcription Factor sites. TATA vs TATA-less
2) Introns and exons
3) 5’ UTR
4) Start codon (ATG)
5) Polyadenylation sequences
6) Splice sites (AG/GT vs AT/AC)
7) Splice enhancers (exonic, intronic)
8) Stop codon (TAA, TAG, TGA)
What is a LINE?
Long Interspersed repeat Element
Long (6-8kb) and can copy themselves to other parts of the genome
