(LECTURE 1) INTRODUCTIONTOHYDROLOGY Flashcards
study of waters of the Earth such as its occurrence, circulation, distribution, properties and reaction with environment
Hydrology
study of the atmosphere
Meteorology
SOURCES OF WATER
Atmospheric water
Surface water
Subsurface water
precipitation
Atmospheric water
study of the waters of the Earth and atmosphere
Hydrometeorology
water above surface of Earth (lakes, rivers, seas and ocean)
Surface water
SALTWATER
97.5%
lakes and rivers
0.4%
water below surface of Earth (groundwater)
Subsurface water
FRESHWATER
2.5%
snow and ice
68.7%
groundwater
30.9%
An envelop of gases surrounding the earth and bound to it permanently by gravitational force
THE EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE
Composed of clean dry air, water vapor and impurities
THE EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE
Changes phase easily because critical pressure and atmosphere are above atmospheric ranges
WATER VAPOR
Agent or medium of heat transfer in the atmosphere
WATER VAPOR
0-4% by volume
WATER VAPOR
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Argon
Carbon Dioxide
Others (Neon, Helium, Krypton, Xeon, Ozone, Radon, Hydrogen)
78.08
20.95
0.93
0.03
<0.01
Most abundant greenhouse gas
WATER VAPOR
LAYERS OF ATMOSPHERE
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
Exosphere
phenomenon of weather and climate occurs here; MSL (Mean Sea Level) to 10 km
Troposphere
10 to 50 km
Stratosphere
90 to 120 km
Thermosphere
120 km
Exosphere
It’s where we live and where weather occurs.
The temperature decreases with altitude in this layer.
TROPOSPHERE
It contains the ozone layer, which absorbs and scatters ultraviolet solar radiation.
Unlike the troposphere, the temperature increases with altitude here.
STRATOSPHERE
found here where the sun’s ultraviolet radiation is absorbed.
Ozone layer
Extending from about 50 km to 85 km (31 to 53 miles) above the Earth, this layer is where most meteors burn up upon entering the atmosphere.
MESOSPHERE
The temperature decreases with altitude, making it the coldest layer.
MESOSPHERE
The mesosphere is extremely cold, especially at the top, dropping to a temperature as low as negative 90°C.
MESOSPHERE
This layer extends from about 85 km to 600 km (53 to 373 miles).
THERMOSPHERE
The auroras occur in this layer.
THERMOSPHERE
It is the hottest layer of the atmosphere, but the air density is so low that the high temperature cannot be felt at all.
THERMOSPHERE
the altitude above which atmospheric temperature remains almost constant.
Exobase or exopause
The outermost layer, extending from about 600 km (373 miles) to 10,000 km (6,200 miles) above the Earth.
EXOSPHERE
Deals with the storage, movement/transport and transformation of water in Earth
HYDROLOGIC CYCLE
major processes in hydrologic cycle:
Evaporation
Transpiration
Condensation
Precipitation
Runoff
Infiltration
Groundwater flow
water transports from free water surfaces or land surfaces to atmosphere (liquid to gas)
Evaporation
water transports from plants and animals to atmosphere
Transpiration
water is converted from gas to liquid
Condesation
water flows on land surface or subsurface
Runoff
water transports from atmosphere to land and water surfaces
Precipitation
water enters soil surface
Infiltration
water flows beneath soil surface and stored in rock formations
Groundwater flow
