Lecture 1- Introduction to the Quaternary

Question 1

Why is 16O evaporated from the ocean easier?

Answer 1

It’s lighter

Question 2

If ice sheets increase in Ocean

Answer 2

δ18O levels (ratio) increase in ocean

Question 3

Delta 18O”
δ18O (‰) =

Answer 3

18O/16O ratio

Question 4

Two types of foraminifera

Answer 4

Benthic and Planktonic

Question 5

Tarantian

Answer 5

Base peak Eemian Warm Period at 129+-5ka

Question 6

Ionian

Answer 6

Base onset Brunches chronozone

Question 7

Calabrian

Answer 7

Base near top of Olduvai chronozone (nannofossil extinction)

Question 8

Gelasian

Answer 8

Base onset Matuyama chronozone

Question 9

Quaternary

Answer 9

Period of extensive ice coverage

Question 10

Chibanian

Answer 10

Base of Tarantian / top of Ionian

Question 11

Processes of dating glacial deposits

Answer 11

Radiocarbon dating, thermoluminescence and radionuclides

Question 12

What is thermoluminescence?

Answer 12

Thermoluminescence (TL) is the emission of light from a material when it is heated, caused by electrons trapped in its crystal lattice being released upon heating. I can help measure radiation exposure over time and therefore dating

Question 13

How does thermoluminescence work?

Answer 13

Electrons trapped in a material by ionizing radiation are released when the material is heated, causing it to emit light.