Lecture 1 - Introduction to pathology

Question 1

Pathology studies… (3)

Answer 1

• The underlying causes of diseases, “Aetiology”
• Mechanisms that result in the signs and symptoms of the patient - “Pathogenesis”
• Morphologic changes: the structural alteration induced in the cells and organs of the body.

Question 2

Subdivisions of pathology (6)

Answer 2

•	Clinical Pathology: include
•	Haematology, Microbiology, Immunology, Toxicology, 
o	Chemical pathology and Genetics
•	Anatomic pathology
•	Histopathology   and Cytopathology
•	Forensic pathology and autopsy
•	Experimental pathology

Question 3

Techniques in pathology (6)

Answer 3

• Anatomic Pathology
• Biochemical techniques
• Hematological techniques
• Medical microbiology
• Serology
• Flow cytometry

Question 4

Techniques in pathology - Anatomic Pathology techniques (4)

Answer 4

o Light Microscopy
o Immunohistochemistry & immunofluorescence
o Electron microscopy
o Molecular pathology

Question 5

Diagnostic Pathology (3)

Answer 5

• Biopsies
• Organ resection
• Cytology

Question 6

Diagnostic Pathology - Biopsies (3)

Answer 6

o Needle biopsy
o Endoscopic biopsy
o Incisional biopsy

Question 7

Diagnostic Pathology - Cytology (4)

Answer 7

o Exfoliate cytology
o Fluid cytology
o Washing cell
o Fine needle aspiration cytology