Lecture 1 introduction to cytology Flashcards
What is cytology
Cytology is the study of the microscopic appearance of cells
Why is cytology not a form of diagnosis
Cytology is not a form of diagnosis due to the fact that it is used as a screening tool .
Why is cervical cytology screening performed ?
Cervical cytology screening is performed inorder to detect CIN and in which they are precancerous leisions that don’t produce symptoms and is often invisble to the naked eye which is the risk of cervical cancer at most times as it’s not seen .If these are found they are removed when or treated where the tissue is affected inorder to not lead to maliganacy
what is diagnostic cytology
used on symptomatic patient in an effort to diagnose a condition .
What are the most primitive factors in diagnosis of cytology
nucleus and cytoplasm
what is cytomorphology
description of the cellular representation of disease under a microscope
note to take into consideration of different diseases look microscopically when affected by different factors eg inflammation,metaplasia,viruses (microoragnisms),hormones ,and etc
What is a pap smear
screening test used to detect potentially pre cancerous and cancercous leisons in the endocervical canal ( TZ)
why is the screening policy of a division of 10 years not ideal
It won’t enable us to detect pre &cancerous leisions early inorder to resolve maliganancy .We see currently that the manner in which the screening policy was set still remains a burden as the policy had limited success .
why aren’t we succeding the cervical cancer burden ?
woman aren’t being tested for pap smears due to socio economic issues such as distance ,mindset of woman due to lack of information via cancer awareness ,inablity to catchup -backlog in staff and etc
what is cervical cancer caused by ?
persistent infection of high risk HPV and they are also co factors such as smoking ,multiple sex parteners
How is HPV spread ?
bodily fluids ,mucous membranes and infected gential skin( skin to skin contact )
Which high risk HPV is of greater risk ?
HPV 16
What can we do to prevent the infection of HPV that could lead to cervical cancer ?
Vaccinate .We can offer vaccines to the most common type of strains and in which they do also provide of a form of protection against other strains .
what are the preventitive methods of HPV
Primary prevention :Healthy lifestyles such as abistence from sex and etc
secondary aims to detect and treat pre-invasive cervial leisons before they become invasive
tertiary invloves the diagnosis and treatment of confirmed cases of cancer through surgery colscopy, chemoradiation therapy
discuss the development of cytology
> developemnet of the microscope
> refer to textbook pg 3
