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PT 856- Neuromotor Function > Lecture 1- Introduction, overview of neuroanatomy, overview of neurological disorders > Flashcards

Lecture 1- Introduction, overview of neuroanatomy, overview of neurological disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 division of the nervous system

A

Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

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2
Q

What are the main components in the CNS

A
  1. Brain

2. Spinal Cord

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3
Q

What are the main components in the PNS

A
  1. Cranial nerves and ganglia
  2. spinal nerves and dorsal root ganglia
  3. sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves and ganglia
  4. enteric nervous system
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4
Q

Describe gray matter

A
  • mainly cell bodies

- dendrites

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5
Q

Describe white matter

A
  • primarily myelinated axons
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6
Q

What are the four main areas of the brain

A
  1. Cerebral Hemispheres
  2. Diencephalon
  3. Brain Stem
  4. Cerebellum
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7
Q

What components are in the cerebral hemisphere

A
  • cerebral cortex
  • subcortical white matter
  • basal ganglia
  • other deep nuclei
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8
Q

What components are in the diencephalon

A
  • thalamus

- hypothalamus

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9
Q

what components are in the brainstem

A
  • midbrain
  • pons
  • medulla oblongata
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10
Q

what are the 4 areas of the spinal cord

A
  1. cervical cord
  2. thoracic cord
  3. lumbar cord
  4. sacral cord
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11
Q

What are the 3 orientation planes of the brain

A
  1. coronal plane
  2. horizontal plane
  3. sagittal plane
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12
Q

How much does the human brain weigh

A

about 3 pounds

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13
Q

the brain uses ___% of all the blood pumped from the heart

A

15-20%

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14
Q

the brain has about ____ billion nerve cells (neurons)

A

100

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15
Q

__% of cerebral oxygen consumption by white matter

A

6

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16
Q

__% of cerebral oxygen consumption by gray matter

A

94

17
Q

spinal cord contains about __ billion neurons

A

1

18
Q

The spinal cords main function is _____ control of limb and _____ movement

A
  1. sensorimotor

2. trunk

19
Q

the spinal cord receives and processes ____ information from the ____ to the muscles

A
  1. motor

2. brain

20
Q

the spinal cord receives and processes _____ information from the ___, ____ and muscles of limbs and trunk

A
  1. sensory
  2. skin
  3. joints
21
Q

The brain stem consists of 3 things

A
  1. medulla
  2. pons
  3. midbrain
22
Q

What are the brainstems 4 major functions

A
  1. influence movement, posture and muscle tone
  2. controls respiration, BP and HR
  3. controls level of consciousness
  4. contains nuclei of cranial nerves
23
Q

main function of the thalamus

A

gatekeeper to cerebral cortex

24
Q

the thalamus is the relay station that ____ and ___ most info reaching ____ cortex from the rest of CNS and ___

A
  1. transmits
  2. processes
  3. cerebral
  4. PNS
25
Q

main function of the hypothalamus

A
  • regulates autonomic, endocrine and visceral function in close association with pituitary gland
26
Q

the hypothalamus maintains ____ in the body

A

homeostasis

27
Q

the main function of the cerebellum

A
  • important role in integrating sensory and other inputs from the brain and spinal cord
28
Q

cerebellum integrates sensory and other inputs from the brain and spinal cord for 4 purposes

A
  1. muscle tone and body posture
  2. balance control
  3. coordination of movements
  4. regulation of eye movements
29
Q

what are the 4 lobes of the cerebral cortex

A
  1. frontal lobe
  2. parietal lobe
  3. temporal lobe
  4. occipital lobe
30
Q

what is the main functions of the frontal lobe

A
  • motor execution
  • thinking
  • planning
  • executive fucntions
31
Q

what is the main functions of the parietal lobe

A
  • somatosensory perception

- ex: touch, pressure, temp., proprioception, nociception

32
Q

what is the main functions of the temporal lobe

A
  • language function

- auditory perception

33
Q

what is the main functions of the occipital lobe

A
  • visual perception

- processing

34
Q

what are 5 disorders of the CNS

A
  1. compromised circulation
  2. neurodegeneration
  3. altered immune function
  4. infection
  5. trauma
35
Q

define PNS disorders

A
  • system wide compromise of peripheral nervous system functioning
36
Q

define neuromuscular disorders

A
  • system wide compromise of neuromuscular junction integrity
37
Q

define muscle disorders

A

system wide compromise of muscle contraction mechanism

38
Q

What are some functions that may be altered by neurological disorders?

A
  • movement of trunk and limbs
  • balance and coordination
  • movement of muscles related to breathing
  • somatosensation
  • special senses: vision, hearing, olfaction, taste, vestibular
  • language
  • spatial awareness
  • memory, executive function and other cognition
  • consciousness, awareness, orientation
  • regulation of maintenance functions via autonomic system

PT 856- Neuromotor Function (2 decks)

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