Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

physiology of a prokaryotic cell > Lecture 1- Introduction + Overview > Flashcards

Lecture 1- Introduction + Overview Flashcards

1
Q

Bacterial physiology

A
  • study of the structures and functions of bacterial cells and their parts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Bacterial structures

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Bacterial functions

A
  • how it works
  1. growth and reproduction
  2. metabolism
  3. motility
  4. interactions with host and environment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Overview of a bacterial cell

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Capsule

A
  • slime layer or glycocalyx
  • made up of carbohydrates

EXCEPTION

  • Bacillus anthracis = made up of polypeptides
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Functions of the capsule

A
  1. Mediates adherence/attachment to things
  2. Makes up the biolfilm matrix
  3. Protects from phagocytosis by WBCs
  4. Refractory to antibiotics
  5. Resists drying
  6. Nutrient reservoir
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Flagella / flagellum

A
  • aka H antigen
  • long, threadlike structures made up of protein
  • major function of motility
  • made up of three parts: basal body, hook, filament
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Monotrichous

A

single polar flagellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Lophotrichous

A

cluster of polar flagella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Amphitrichous

A

flagella at both poles

either single or in clusers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Perithrichous

A

cell encircled by lateral flagella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pili / fimbriae

A
  • fine + hair like structures made up of proteins

Somatic pili

  • mediate adherence and biofilm formation

Sex / f pili

  • mediate conjugation (transfer of dna via contact)
  • some are receptors for bacteriophages
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

cell wall

A
  • provides rigidity / maintains cell shape
  • is a barrier to hazardous things entering the cell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

gram positive cell wall

A
  • single, uniform and thick layer of peptidoglycan
  • 15-80 nm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

gram negative cell wall

A
  • 2 layers
  • thin peptidoglycan and an outermembrane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

cell wall of mycobacteria

A
  • layer of mycolic acids and arabinogalactan + peptidoglycan
17
Q

mycoplasma cell wall

A

doesnt exist

18
Q

peptidoglycan

A
  • repeating units of NAG and NAM forming the glycan chains
  • glycan chains cross-linked by peptides
  • NAG= N-acetylglucosamine
  • NAM= N-acetylmuramic acid
19
Q

Penicillins

A

inhibit the crosslinking of glycan chains in peptidoglycan

20
Q

Things unique to Gram +

A
  • Teichoic acids and lipoteichoic acids
  • linear polymers of glycerol phosphastes or ribitol phosphates
  • provides negative charges and hydrophobic sites for adherence
21
Q

Teichoic acids

A
  • covalently linked to peptidoglycan
22
Q

lipoteichoic acid

A
  • contains fatty acid chains allowing the molecules to anchor to the cell membrane
23
Q

lipopolysaccharides (LPS)

A
  • only in gram negative bacteria
  • outer leaflet of the outer membrane
  • made of 3 parts:
  1. lipid A
  2. core polysaccharide
  3. O-antigen (polysaccharide)
  • endotoxin
  • effects: inflammation, shock
  • can be “smooth” or “rough”
24
Q

gram negative bacteria

A
  • LPS

porins

  • “gateways” for small hydrophilic molecules to enter the cell
25
Q

Major differences between G+ and G- bacteria

A

Gram positive

  • thick peptidoglycan
  • teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid

Gram negative

  • thin peptidoglycan
  • outer membrane
  • LPS
  • has a periplasm: the space between the outer membrane and cytoplasmic membrane
26
Q

cytoplasmic /inner membrane

A
  • phospholipid bilayer with proteins
  • the ultimate barrier to hostile agents
  • site of electron transport chain
27
Q

proton motive force

A
  • used by bacteria to do useful works: ATP synthesis, rotate flagella, solute transport
28
Q

Cytoplasm

A
  • DNA, RNA, ribosomes, proteins, ions
  • inlusion body: poly-B-hydroxybutyrate can be processed into biodegradable plastic bags
  • endospore
  • membrane invaginations (ex: photosynthetic structure)
  • gas vacuoules
29
Q

Extracellular products

A
  • toxins, enzymes, acids, solvents, antibiotics

Harmful

  • tetanus toxin: causes tetanus
  • collagenase: degrades collagen, help bacteria to spread an infection
  • lactic acid: causes dental caries

Beneficial

  • enzymes: amylase, breakdowns starch
  • acetic acid: vinegar
  • ethanol (solvent): fuel
  • antibiotics: polymyxin and tetracycline
30
Q
A

physiology of a prokaryotic cell (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions