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MSK 1 > Lecture 1: Introduction > Flashcards

Lecture 1: Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Total Musculoskeletal Assessment

A
  • Pt. History
  • Observation
  • Examination of movement
  • Special Test
  • Reflexes & Cutaneous distribution
  • Palpation
  • Diagnostic Imaging
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2
Q

Components of Physical Assessments

A

Vital Signs
OI
Palp
ROM
MMT
Sensory Eval

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3
Q

Other Components of Physical Assessment

A

Neuro Exam
Special Tests
Postural Assessment
Functional Assessment
Gait Analysis
Movement Screening & Sports Assessment

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4
Q

“Looking” or “Inspection” phase
- Gains info on visible defects, malalignments, & functional deficits

A

Observation / Ocular Inspection

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5
Q

Ant. view normal body alignment

A

Nose, xiphisternum, & umbilicus

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6
Q

Lat. view normal body alignment

A

Tip of ear, tip of acromion, highest point of iliac crest, lat. malleolus

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7
Q

Deformities present even at rest
- D/t bony configurations or congenital in nature

A

Structural deformity

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8
Q

Result of assumed postures and disappear when posture is changed
- Imbalances in the muscle that would lead to a apparent deformities

A

Functional deformity

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9
Q

Example of a functional deformity

A
  • Scoliosis due to a short leg seen in an upright posture disap- pears on forward flexion
  • A pes planus (flatfoot) on weight bearing may disappear on non-weight-bear- ing
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10
Q

Caused by muscle action and are present when muscles contract or joints move
- Not usually evident when the muscles are relaxed

A

Dynamic deformity

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11
Q

“Neutral Pelvis” Position

A

Anterior superior iliac spines are one-to-two finger widths lower than the posterior superior iliac spines

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12
Q

Loud grinding noise to a squeaking noise

A

Crepitus

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13
Q

Caused by a tendon moving over a bony protuber- ance

A

Snapping

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14
Q

May be an indication of early nonsymptomatic pathology
- TMJ joint

A

Clicking

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15
Q

Used to confirm or refute the suspected diagnosis, which is based on the history and observation

A

Examination

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16
Q

Red Flags in examination

A

• Severe unremitting pain
• Pain unaffected by medication or position
• Severe night pain
• Severe pain with no history of injury
• Severe spasm
• Inability to urinate or hold urine
• Elevated temperature (especially if prolonged)
• Psychological overlay

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17
Q

Minimum seconds that each contraction is held

A

5 seconds

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18
Q

Position in which resisted isometric movements are done

A

Resting or neutral position

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19
Q

Groups of muscles supplied by a single nerve root

A

Myotomes

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20
Q

Ensures that all possible outcomes of pathology are assessed
- Rule out possibility of referral of symptoms
- Narrow down where pathology is location

A

Scanning/Screening Examinations

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21
Q

Upper Limb Scan

A
  • Cervical spine
  • TMJ
  • Scapular area
  • Shoulder area
  • Upper arm & Forearm
  • Wrist, hand, & fingers
22
Q

Lower Limb Scan

A
  • Lumbar spine
  • Pelvis
  • Hip
  • Knee
  • Ankle, feet, & toes
23
Q

What the patient feels

A

Subjective set of data

24
Q

Responses that can be measured or are found by the examiner

A

Objective set of data

25
Q

When to use scanning examination

A

• There is no history of trauma
• There are radicular signs
• There is trauma with radicular signs
• There is altered sensation in the limb
• There are spinal cord (“long track”) signs
• The patient presents with abnormal patterns
• There is suspected psychogenic pain

26
Q

Another term for Active Movements

A

Physiological Movements

27
Q

Movements dependent upon contractile, nervous, & inert tissues

A

Active Movements

28
Q

Contractile, nervous, and inert tissues are involved or moved during active movements

A

Active or physiological movements

29
Q

A common cause for abnormal movement as is muscle weakness, paralysis, or spasm

A

Pain

30
Q

Inability to move through the available ROM

A

Lag

31
Q

Movements primarily performed to determine the available anatomical ROM and end feel

A

Passive movements

32
Q

Another term which refers to passive movements

A

Anatomical movements

33
Q

The end of passive movement

A

Anatomical barrier

34
Q

Useful for measuring and record- ing joint or fracture deformities

A

Goniometry

35
Q

This index used in isolation, if positive, means the individual has widespread joint hypermobility

A

Beighton Hypermobility Index (BHI)

36
Q

Measures joint mobility and skin abnormalities

A

Brighton Diagnostic Criteria (BDC)

37
Q

Limitation of range

A

Hypomobility

38
Q

Excess of range

A

Hypermobility or Laxity

39
Q

More susceptible to ligament sprains, joint effusion, chronic pain, recurrent injury, paratenonitis

A

Hypermobile Joints

40
Q

More susceptible to muscle strains, pinched nerve syndromes, and paratenonitis resulting from overstress

A

Hypomobile Joints

41
Q

Three types of hypomobility

A

Myofascial - hypertonicity of muscles
Pericapsular - capsular / ligamentous origin
Pathomechanical - result of joint trauma

42
Q

The sensation the examiner “feels” in the joint as it reaches the end of the ROM

A

End Feel

43
Q

A “hard,” unyielding sensation that is painless
- ex. Elbow extension

A

Bone-to-Bone

44
Q

Yielding compression (mushy feel) that stops further movement
ex. Knee flexion

A

Soft tissue approximation

45
Q

A hard or firm (springy) type of movement with a slight give; Most common type

  • ex. Ankle dorsiflexion, shoulder lateral rotation, finger extension
A

Tissue stretch

46
Q

Invoked by movement, with a sudden dramatic arrest of movement often accompanied by pain

A

Muscle Spasm

47
Q

Occurs early in the ROM, almost as soon as movement starts
- associated with inflammation and is seen in more acute conditions

A

Early muscle spasm

48
Q

Form of muscle hypertonicity that offers increased resistance to stretch involv- ing primarily the flexors in the upper limb and extensors in the lower limb (FUEL)
- In UMN lesions

A

Spasticity

49
Q

“Firm” or tightness of the muscle

A

Mushy

50
Q

Thicker stretching quality to it; can be pushed but there is restriction
- ex. Frozen shoulder

A

Hard capsular

51
Q

Similar to normal tissue stretch end feel but with a restricted ROM
- there is a springy or bouncy return; we expect something acute
- there is edema or swelling

A

Soft capsular

52
Q

Restriction occurs before the end of ROM would normally occur or where this end feel would not be expected

A

Bone-to-Bone (abn)

MSK 1 (4 decks)

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