Lecture 1: Intro To Themes In The Study Of Life Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the order of Biological Heirarchy?

A

Atom-Molecule-Organelle-Cell-Tissue-Organ-Organ System-Individual-Population-Community-Ecosystem-Biosphere

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2
Q

Biological hierarchy levels build on the level below it and produce

A

Emergent properties

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3
Q

Emergent properties in biological hierarchy results from

A

Arrangement and interaction of parts as complexity increases

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4
Q

System

A

Combination of components that function together

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5
Q

Systems biology is

A

Exploration of a biological system by analyzing interaction among its parts; it examines and models dynamic behavior of an integrated network of components

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6
Q

Analyzing biological structure gives us

A

clues about what it does and how it works.

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7
Q

Knowing the biological function of something

A

Provides insight into its structure and organization

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8
Q

Example of Structure and Function

A

Leaf is broad and flat, maximizing capture of light by chloroplasts.

Structure of a bird’s wing. Is adapted to flight

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9
Q

Cells are

A

The smallest unit of organization that can perform all activities required for life

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10
Q

Cell theory states that

A

All living organisms are made from cells

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11
Q

All cells are enclosed by

A

A membrane that regulates passage of materials between the cell and its environment and use DNA as their genetic information.

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12
Q

Prokaryotic cells are

A

Single celled and lack a nucleus or other membrane enclosed organelles

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13
Q

Prokaryotic cells are ________ than eukaryotic cells.

A

Smaller

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14
Q

Prokaryotic cell examples

A

Bacteria and eukaryotes

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15
Q

Eukaryotic cells contain

A

Membrane-enclosed organelles

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16
Q

Eukaryotic cell examples

A

Plants and animals

17
Q

Evolution is a

A

Scientific explanation for both unity and diversity of organisms.

Biological change in which species accumulate differences from their ancestors as they adapt to different environments over time.

18
Q

Taxonomy is a

A

Branch of biology that names and classifies species into groups of increasing breadth

19
Q

The broadest units of classification in the classification of life are

A

Domains

20
Q

Charles Darwin observed that

A

Individuals in a population vary in their traits, many of which seem to be heritable.

More offspring are produced than survive, and competition is inevitable.

Species generally suit their environment.

21
Q

Charles Darwin reasoned that

A

Individuals with traits that are best suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, therefore overtime, more individuals in a population will have advantageous traits.

22
Q

Data are

A

Recorded observations or items of information that fall into 2 categories- qualitative and quantitative data.

23
Q

Qualitative data

A

Descriptions

24
Q

Quantitative data

A

Recorded numerical measurements, which are sometimes organized in tables and graphs

25
Q

Hypothesis

A

An explanation, based on observations and assumptions that leads to a testable prediction.

26
Q

Experiment

A

Scientific test, carried out under controlled conditions

27
Q

Controlled experiment

A

An experimental group is compared with a control group

28
Q

Variables

A

Are features or quantities that vary in an experiment

29
Q

Independent variable

A

Is the one that is manipulated by researchers

30
Q

Dependent variable

A

Is the one that is predicted to be affected in response

31
Q

Most scientists work in

A

Teams, which often include graduate and undergraduate students.

32
Q

Scientific cooperation & diverse viewpoints: good communication is important in order

A

To share results through seminars, publications, and websites