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Dentistry > Lecture 1: intro to dent > Flashcards

Lecture 1: intro to dent Flashcards

1
Q

Importance of dental care is

A

Dental care is required to maintain overall health
Dental disease causes discomfort
Associated disease processes may cause systemic problems

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2
Q

Mesaticephalic (aka mesiocephalic)

A

Most common head type
Means medium head

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3
Q

Brachycephalic

A

Short head
Commonly have crowded and roasted premolar teeth and malocclusion- increasing risk of periodontal disease

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4
Q

Dolichocephalic

A

Long head

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5
Q

Lips are used for

A

(labia)
Act as a prehensile organ
Used for grasping food in herbivores
A sense organ in many species
Term labial is used regarding anything pertaining to lips

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6
Q

Salivary glands do what and are located where

A

Produce saliva- lubricating and digestive functions
Most animals have 3-4 pairs of salivary glands
Parotid- located just below the ear canal and caudal to the mandible
Mandibular- located between the left and right halves of the mandible
Lingual- lies under the base of the tongue
Zygomatic- below the eye

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7
Q

Palate is

A

Roof of oral cavity and oropharynx
Separates resp and digestive passages in the head

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8
Q

Hard palate

A

Bony part which separates oral and nasal cavity
Has rides which cross the hard palate transversely

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9
Q

Soft palate

A

Caudal extension of hard palate
It is musculomembranous

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10
Q

MM of the mouth has

A

Highly vascular
Lots of nerve endings

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11
Q

Tongue is

A

Muscular
Covered with papillae, which can have a mechanical function, gustatory function, or both

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12
Q

Teeth are

A

Responsible for physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces so that the surface area of food is increased and can be exposed more to digestive enzymes
Opposed in 2 dental arcades
Upper arcade contained within the maxilla
Lower arcade contained within the mandible
Carnivore tooth are shaped differently than herbivore
Difference in shape reflects the function of the teeth

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13
Q

Difference b/w herbivore and carnivore teeth

A

Carnivore teeth are more pointed to help with ripping and tearing
Herbivore teeth are more flattened to help with grinding of plants and grains

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14
Q

Incisors are located

A

Most rostral of teeth of upper and lower arcade
Assist with prehension of food, shearing food and grooming

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15
Q

Canines are

A

Lower tooth between incisors and cheek teeth
Also called eye-teeth, bridle teeth or tusks
These are the grasping and tearing teeth in carnivores

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16
Q

Cheek teeth are

A

Have large occlusal surfaces and are composed of
Premolars (PM,P)- rostral cheek teeth (shearing in carnivores, grinding in herbivores)
Molars (M)- caudal cheek teeth (grinding)

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17
Q

Carnassial teeth are

A

Another name for the large shearing teeth of carnivores (dogs and cats)
Composed of last premolar of upper arcade and lower first molar
Abscesses that form at the root tip can break through the thin bone of maxilla
Seen as a swelling or draining below eye
Tooth must be extracted

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18
Q

Lingual

A

Lingual- towards the tongue (lower arcade only)

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19
Q

Palata

A

towards the palate (upper arcade only)

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20
Q

Vestibular /labial

A

towards the lips

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21
Q

Vestibular /buccal

A

towards the cheek

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22
Q

Occlusal

A

chewing surface, towards opposite dental arcade

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23
Q

Mesial

A

towards the middle or center

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24
Q

Apical

A

toward the root of the tooth

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25
Q

Coronal

A

toward the crown of the tooth

26
Q

Dental formulas are seen by

A

Each type of tooth is represented by its letter
Permanent - I, C, P, M (uppercase letters)
second set of teeth
must last life of animal
Deciduous (baby or milk teeth) - i, c, p, m (lowercase letters)
smaller and fewer in number than permanent teeth
The letter is then followed by a fraction with upper number representing upper arcade and lower number representing lower arcade

27
Q

Structure of teeth

A

The teeth are well supplied with nerves, blood vessels, and lymph drainage
because of this they are susceptible to pain (just like humans)

28
Q

Pulp is

A

Blood and nerve supply enter the apex of the tooth
Form a lattice like organization that comprises the pulp
Located in the center of the tooth
Shrinks with age

29
Q

Dentin is

A

Living tissue similar to bone
Surrounds and protects the pulp
Can respond to damage to the tooth (tertiary dentin) – brown spot with no pulp exposure

30
Q

Enamel is

A

Hardest substance of the body
Covers the crown of the tooth
Becomes harder with age

31
Q

Gingiva is

A

Tissue that is commonly referred to as the gums
Categorized clinically into free and attached

32
Q

Periodontal ligaments

A

Hold tooth in the alveolus or socket

33
Q

Cementum is

A

Thin, bone-like material
Capable of repairing itself if damaged
Attached the periodontal ligament to the tooth
Brachydont- covers root only
Hypsodont - covers entire tooth and is superficial to enamel

34
Q

Alveoli in teeth are

A

Bony socket in which roots of teeth are embedded

35
Q

Two types of teeth

A

Brachydont
Hypsodont

36
Q

Brachydont is

A

Low crowned
K9, feline, porcine
Ruminant incisors
Equine deciduous teeth

37
Q

Brachydont consists of

A

Crown- part projecting above gum line and covered with enamel
Neck - constriction between crown and root at the gum line
Root - part below gum line embedded in alveolus and covered by cementum

38
Q

Hypsodont is

A

High crowned
Permanent teeth of equine
Cheek teeth of ruminant
Have no distinct neck and continue to erupt throughout life

39
Q

Equine teeth are

A

K9 tooth may be completely absent in equine female and geldings (probably hormonal related so depends when castrated)
Wolf teeth - rudimentary P1 usually absent
Prone to sharp edges on cheek teeth (points)
Floating = filing off of these sharp edges

40
Q

Needle teeth are

A

deciduous 3rd incisors of porcine and K9’s often nipped off in newborns

41
Q

Equine and ruminant teeth

A

Cheek teeth are long and merge together into a continuous occlusal surface for grinding
Ruminants are missing upper incisors

42
Q

Canine teeth are

A

Chew more than feline so have more flattened occlusal surface of molars
No teeth until 3 weeks
Deciduous teeth in by 6 weeks
Permanent teeth all erupted by 6 months of age
P4, M1 and M2 have 3 roots
P11, and M3 have one root
All other cheek teeth have 2 roots

43
Q

Feline teeth differentiate by

A

P4 only tooth to have 3 roots
P33, P4, and M1 have 2 roots

44
Q

Eruption in equine is

A

Eruption = emergence of tooth through gum

45
Q

In wear in equine

A

Removal of enamel due to contact of opposing teeth
Yellow dentin surrounded by white enamel

46
Q

Level in equine terms

A

Flattening of occlusal surface showing 2 enamel rings separated by dentin

47
Q

Cup-mark equine terms is

A

Deep depression of occlusal surface lined by cementum and enamel
Usually filled with black decaying material

48
Q

Enamel spot in equine terms is

A

Enamel at bottom of cusp when cusp worn away
Harder than dentin and raised

49
Q

Dental stars in equine are

A

Darker secondary dentin filling pulp cavity at occlusal surface
First appears rostrally then more centred as enamel spot disappears

50
Q

Equine teeth wear looks liek

A

As the teeth wear, the shape of the occlusal surface changes
Young have transversely oval surface
With wear it becomes round then triangular and finally longitudinally oval
Can use these changes to help assess age of horse

51
Q

Equine cheek teeth

A

Upper arcade wider than lower
Causes asymmetrical wear to the cheek teeth →
Formation of enamel points on the buccal aspect of the maxillary cheek teeth and the lingual aspect of the mandibular cheek teeth
Points must be removed from time to time to prevent trauma to soft tissues/pain → floating

52
Q

Cap on equine tooth is

A

deciduous tooth remaining attached to permanent replacement

53
Q

Sow mouth

A

overshot mandible of horse

54
Q

Parrot mouth

A

undershot mandible in horse

55
Q

Scissor mouth is in equine

A

oblique angle of incisors occlusal surface when looking from front
Due to uneven wear

56
Q

Step mouth in equine

A

uneven occlusal plane of cheek teeth
Due to lack of wear of one or more teeth

57
Q

Angle of equine teeth does what

A

Angle increases with age

58
Q

7 year hook is what in equine teeth

A

Bulge on caudal end of upper corner incisor due to incomplete wear by lower arcade
Appears at 7 years and disappears at 9 year
Reapers at 11 years

59
Q

Galvaynes groove is and what it looks like with age

A

Groove on labial side of upper corner incisor
Due to wear and removal of the cementum except in the groove
10 years- appear under gum line
15 years- appears halfway down tooth
20 years- reaches occlusal surface
30 years- disappears

60
Q

Bovine teeth differences

A

Longitudinal ridge- serration marking lingual surface
Occlusal surface- appears when teeth come into wear
Appears waxy due to longitudinal ridges
Level- occlusal surface no longer appears waxy due to wear beyond longitudinal ridges

61
Q

Aging cattle by teeth

A

Estimate age- check lower incisors for eruption and number of permanent incisors
Add 1 year to first incisor- 1-2 years of age
Second incisor- 2 years of age
Third incisor- 3 years of age
Fourth incisor- 4 years of age
All incisor eruption and wear- 5 years of age

Dentistry (12 decks)

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