Lecture 1 - Intro to CVS Flashcards
Name the 3 types of blood vessels found in the cardiovascular system, and what their function
Arteries - transport blood away from the heart
Veins - transport blood to the heart
Capillaries - connect arteries and veins.
What other system is closely related to the CVS
The lymphatic system
Name the three layers of a blood vessel
Tunica externa (adventitia) - outer connective tissue layer
Tunica media - middle smooth muscle layer, with elastin
Tunica intima - inner endothelial lining of blood vessels
Which blood vessel has a thick tunica media due to increased smooth muscle and elastin?
Arteries
List and describe the three subtypes of arteries
Large elastic arteries - substantial amounts of elastin
Medium muscular arteries - tunica media mostly contains smooth muscle fibres
Small arteries and arterioles - control filling of capillaries
Give examples of large, medium and small arteries respectively
Large elastic arteries - aorta, brachiocephalic trunk
Medium muscular arteries - femoral, axillary, and radial arteries
Small arteries and arterioles - control filling of capillaries
Describe the three subtypes of veins
Large elastic veins - some smooth muscle in tunica media, thickest layer is tunica externa
Small and medium veins - small amounts of smooth muscle, again tunica externa is the thickest
Venules - drain capillaries
Which type of blood vessels has a thin tunica media
Veins
True or false:
Arteries have low blood pressure and have no pulse
FALSE
Veins have low blood pressure and have little-no pulse.
Arteries have high blood pressure and have a pulse
List the structural differences between arteries and veins
Veins have thin walls (esp. tunica media), have a large luminal diameter, and have valves (those situated inferior to the level of the heart)
Arteries have thick muscular walls, smaller luminal diameters, and have no valves
What is the function of valves
Prevent back-flow of blood
Describe systemic circulation
Blood is circulated to all parts of the body
Oxygenated blood is carried by arteries
Deoxygenated blood is carried by veins
Describe the pulmonary system
Blood is circulated to the lungs for respiration, oxygenated blood is carried by the vein and deoxygenated blood is carried by the artery
Describe the portal system.
is the system of veins that drains the abdominal region and returns this blood to the liver for necessary processes
Name 2 major vessels of the pulmonary system.
> pulmonary arteries that carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs away from the heart
pulmonary vein that carries oxygenated blood to the heart away from the lungs
how many borders does the heart have? name and describe its location.
4- borders:>right border- located from the 3rd costal cartilage to the end sternum of the 6th coastal cartilage. Has right atrium
>left border- located on the 2nd intercostal space of the ribs to the 5th intercostal space…has left atrium and ventricle. 9 cm away from the sternum to the midclavicular line “the apex of the heart”
>superior border- from the 3rd costal cartilage to the 2-second intercostal space on the left has both right and left ventricle
>inferior border- end sternum of the 6th costal cartilage to the 5th intercostal space on the left…
The blood circulation of both oxygenated and deoxygenated blood?
The blood enters the right atrium via the superior vena cave, inferior vena cava, and coronary artery. then passes to the right ventricle via the tricuspid valve. from the right ventricle passes to the pulmonary trunk to the lungs via the pulmonary valve.
the blood enters the left atrium via the left superior and inferior pulmonary veins and the right superior and inferior pulmonary veins. the passes to the left ventricle via the bicuspid valve, to the aortic arch then the rest of the body via an aortic valve
the aorta is divided into how many parts? name and describe each.
the thoracic aorta and abdominal aorta
>the thoracic is subdivided into 3 parts:
*the ascending aorta at the level of T4/T5, branches into left and right coronary arteries ascend stop and start as arch of aorta
*the arch of the aorta – ends at the level of T4/5 and branches into 3 types of arteries. stops and descends thoracic aorta
1. Brachiocephalic trunk- divided into the right common carotid artery and right subclavian artery
2. the left common carotid artery
3. the left subclavian artery
*Descending aorta ends at T12 after it had reached the aortic hiatus
>the abdominal – terminates and bifurcates at L4 and continues as common iliac artery
describe the SVC
Superior vena cava- begins as a union of right and left brachiocephalic veins that drain into the right atrium. receives blood from the azygos vein immediately before entering the pericardial sac
Describe the IVC
inferior vena cava- return blood from structure below the diaphragm
formed by the union of common iliac vein that occurs at L5. portal vein drains into it
define Azygos systemic vein
series of longitudinal vessels on either side of the thoracic vertebrae of the body draining to the SVC
describe the Azygos system
divided into 2 parts: azygos vein-right side
Hemiazygos vein-left side
Describe the common carotid artery
left common carotid artery and right common carotid artery
the left carotid originates from the arch of the aorta
the right carotid originates from the brachiocephalic artery of the arch of the aorta
each subdividing into external and internal carotid artery
>internal supplies the brain and eyes
> external supplies the face and the neck
drains the all the cranial structure, the face and some aspect of the neck. exit the cranial via jugular foramen. and finally the joins the subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic vein:
A. external jugular vein
B. internal jugular vein
B
Drain the facial and some aspects of the neck. deep to the clavicle draining the subclavian
External jugular vein
Drain the facial and some aspects of the neck. deep to the clavicle draining the subclavian
External jugular vein
Describe the subclavian artery
the right and left subclavian artery
the right subclavian originates from the brachiocephalic artery
the left originates from the arch of the aorta
the subclavian vein is divided into 3 part related to the scalene muscle. name
the axillary
the brachial artery
the radial nd ulnar artery
continues as an axillary vein and joins the internal jugular vein draining to the brachiocephalic vein
subclavian vein
Form on each side, at the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins.
Left brachiocephalic vein crosses the midline to join with the right brachiocephalic vein and form the superior vena cava.
Brachiocephalic vein
The terminal branches of the abdominal aorta, formed.
Common iliac artery
the common iliac artery at the pelvic branches into what?
the external iliac artery-supplies the lower limb structures
internal iliac supplies the pelvic and perineal structures
What vein drains to the IVC
Portal vein
What makes the SVC
Union of left and right brachiocephalic veins
What makes the IVC
Union of the left and right common iliac veins
Common iliac artery vs common iliac vein
Artery- L4
Vein- L5
Superficial veins of upper limb
Basilic - medial
Cephalic- lateral
Where do basilic and cephalic veins meet
Medial cubital fossa
What does the union of basilic and cephalic veins form
Medial cubital vein
What does the basilic vein continues as
Axillary vein
Where does the cephalic vein drain into
Subclavian vein
What is the continuation of an external iliac artery
Femoral artery
Continuation of the femoral artery
Popliteal artery
Divisions of popliteal artery
Anterior tibial
Posterior tibial
Superficial veins of the lower limb
Great saphenous vein- medial & drains into femoral vein
Small saphenous vein- lateral & drains into popliteal vein
