Lecture 1 - Intro to Bacteria

Question 1

Bacteriology

Answer 1

Study of Bacteria

Question 2

Virology

Answer 2

Study of Viruses

Question 3

Mycology

Answer 3

Study of fungi and yeast

Question 4

Parasitology

Answer 4

Study of protozoa (amoeba, etc.) and metazoa (worms)

Question 5

Immunology

Answer 5

Study of immunity

- resistance to infection

Question 6

how are Bacteria named?

Answer 6

• classified into FAMILIES

- based on relatedness of genetic info (using rRNA for typing)

Question 7

how do you recognize the Genus in an organism’s name?

Answer 7

Italicized and capitalized

Question 8

Bacterial Shape: what does a -cocci bacteria look like?

Answer 8

small round bacteria

Question 9

Bacterial shape: what does a STAPHYLOcocci look like

Answer 9

• cluster (staphylo-)

- small round bacteria

Question 10

Bacterial shape: what does a STREPTOcocci look like?

Answer 10

• chain (strepto)

- small round bacteria

Question 11

Bacterial shape: what does an ENTEROcocci bacteria look like?

Answer 11

• shorter chain, part of strepto- group

- small round bacteria

Question 12

Bacterial shape: what does DIPLOcocci look like?

Answer 12

• two bacteria attached together

- small round bacteria

Question 13

Bacterial shape: what does a BACILLI bacteria look like?

Answer 13

• rod-shaped bacteria

Question 14

Bacterial shape: what does a DIPLObacilli bacteria look like?

Answer 14

• TWO attached together
• rod-shaped bacteria
• attached at the end

Question 15

Bacterial shape: what does a STREPTObacilli bacteria look like?

Answer 15

• chain

- rod-shaped bacteria

Question 16

Bacterial shape: what does a COCCObacilli look like?

Answer 16

• oval-shaped bacteria

- does not look like a rod

Question 17

Bacterial shape: what does a Spiral bacteria look like?

Answer 17

• wavy-shaped bacteria

Question 18

Bacterial shape: what does a VIBRIO bacteria look like?

Answer 18

• curved rod like a comma

Question 19

Bacterial shape: what does a SPIRILLUM bacteria look like?

Answer 19

• longer waves/lazy waves

Question 20

Bacterial shape: what does a SPIROCHATE look like?

Answer 20

• tighter waves/tightly coiled

Question 21

What is a simple stain?

Answer 21

• procedure only involving ONE stain

Question 22

When to use a simple stain?

Answer 22

• determine if a bacteria is present

- cannot tell bacteria apart if they are the same shape

Question 23

What is a differential stain?

Answer 23

• procedure involving more than one chemical stain

Question 24

What type of stain is a Gram stain?

Answer 24

Differential stain

Question 25

What type of stain is a ZN/Acid-fast stain?

Answer 25

Differential stain

Question 26

What is Gram stain?

Answer 26

• method used to stain bacteria and separate into TWO groups

- based on cell wall structure -> amount of peptidoglycan

Question 27

What are the TWO groups bacteria are separated into when Gram staining is used?

Answer 27

• Gram Positive

- Gram Negative

Question 28

Describe and list the steps in a Gram stain procedure

Answer 28

1. Make slide from specimen and “fix” it using heat or methanol
2. Add crystal violet (primary stain)
3. Wash CV off after 1 minute and Add iodine (mordant)
   - complexes with CV and makes a larger molecule that is trapped inside the cell
4. Wash iodine off after 1 min
5. Decolourize with acetone-alcohol mixture. Stop until all the blue stain stops draining off the slide
6. Add counterstain (safranin) to stain any unstained bacteria
7. Wash counterstain off and let the slide dry

Question 29

What colour will a Gram POSITIVE bacteria appear?

Answer 29

purple

Question 30

What colour will a Gram NEGATIVE appear?

Answer 30

pink

Question 31

What type of organism are bacteria?

Answer 31

Prokaryotic (no nucleus)